{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2901336565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2018.8519412","title":"Comparison of Experimental Brightness Temperatures for Snow on Lake Ice with Those for Snow on Terrain","display_name":"Comparison of Experimental Brightness Temperatures for Snow on Lake Ice with Those for Snow on Terrain","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2901336565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2018.8519412","mag":"2901336565"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2018.8519412","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2018.8519412","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110907633","display_name":"M. Hallikainen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martti Hallikainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023732621","display_name":"Matti Vaaja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9907-0516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matti Vaaja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080794289","display_name":"Jaakko Sepp\u00e4nen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8414-7365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaakko Seppanen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069103777","display_name":"Jaan Praks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7466-3569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaan Praks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"8504","last_page":"8507"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.8489710092544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.6688035726547241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometer","display_name":"Radiometer","score":0.6459024548530579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness-temperature","display_name":"Brightness temperature","score":0.5998805165290833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow-cover","display_name":"Snow cover","score":0.5316501259803772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow-field","display_name":"Snow field","score":0.505854606628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5033189654350281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4948880076408386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.4755430221557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow-line","display_name":"Snow line","score":0.4655960500240326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firn","display_name":"Firn","score":0.4252474009990692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometry","display_name":"Radiometry","score":0.41917863488197327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness","display_name":"Brightness","score":0.3974609971046448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.3578946590423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.3336113393306732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.13896995782852173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11142656207084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.8489710092544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.6688035726547241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120189094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281","display_name":"Radiometer","level":2,"score":0.6459024548530579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53802167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4538627","display_name":"Brightness temperature","level":3,"score":0.5998805165290833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983043445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow cover","level":3,"score":0.5316501259803772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82544793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365419","display_name":"Snow field","level":4,"score":0.505854606628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5033189654350281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4948880076408386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4755430221557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42832001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740358","display_name":"Snow line","level":4,"score":0.4655960500240326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104730834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828861","display_name":"Firn","level":3,"score":0.4252474009990692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87456703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247760","display_name":"Radiometry","level":2,"score":0.41917863488197327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.3974609971046448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3578946590423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.3336113393306732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.13896995782852173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11142656207084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2018.8519412","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2018.8519412","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015718016","https://openalex.org/W2034305030","https://openalex.org/W2038712000","https://openalex.org/W2090508579","https://openalex.org/W2164464010","https://openalex.org/W2490178831","https://openalex.org/W2603963940","https://openalex.org/W2735040458"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2767011601","https://openalex.org/W4205647981","https://openalex.org/W3199410599","https://openalex.org/W2367409461","https://openalex.org/W4318594415","https://openalex.org/W2921497498","https://openalex.org/W2361163003","https://openalex.org/W4283650107","https://openalex.org/W3115961143","https://openalex.org/W840051233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"have":[1,31],"conducted":[2],"a":[3,46],"multiyear":[4],"(2011-2014)":[5],"airborne":[6],"microwave":[7],"radiometer":[8],"measurement":[9],"program":[10],"of":[11,43,76,103],"snow":[12,77,108,113],"on":[13,100,109,114],"lake":[14,110],"ice,":[15],"regularly":[16],"using":[17],"our":[18,34],"HUTRAD":[19],"instrument":[20],"(6.9":[21],"to":[22,70],"36.5":[23],"GHz,":[24],"vertical":[25],"and":[26,56,78,87,91,112],"horizontal":[27],"polarization).":[28],"Occasionally,":[29],"we":[30,98],"also":[32,59],"used":[33],"interferometric":[35],"1.4":[36],"GHz":[37],"HUT-2D":[38],"radiometer.":[39],"Our":[40],"data":[41,58],"consist":[42],"observations":[44],"along":[45],"4-km":[47],"test":[48],"line":[49],"over":[50],"two":[51],"lakes":[52],"in":[53],"southern":[54],"Finland,":[55],"include":[57],"for":[60,107],"adjacent":[61],"land":[62],"areas,":[63],"whose":[64],"land-cover":[65],"types":[66],"range":[67],"from":[68],"forest":[69],"short":[71],"vegetation.":[72],"A":[73],"wide":[74],"variety":[75],"ice":[79,111],"conditions":[80],"were":[81],"encountered,":[82],"covering":[83],"early":[84],"winter,":[85],"mid-winter":[86],"late":[88],"winter":[89],"conditions,":[90],"the":[92,101],"melting":[93],"season.":[94],"In":[95],"this":[96],"paper":[97],"focus":[99],"comparison":[102],"brightness":[104],"temperatures":[105],"observed":[106],"terrain.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}