{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2901249518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2018.8517484","title":"Deepcloud - A Fully Convolutionnal Neural Network for Cloud and Shadow Masking in Optical Satellite Images","display_name":"Deepcloud - A Fully Convolutionnal Neural Network for Cloud and Shadow Masking in Optical Satellite Images","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2901249518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2018.8517484","mag":"2901249518"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2018.8517484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2018.8517484","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023700134","display_name":"Matthieu Molinier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2656-001X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthieu Molinier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Big Data for Industrial Applications team Remote Sensing, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, VTT, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Big Data for Industrial Applications team Remote Sensing, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, VTT, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088186785","display_name":"Niko Reunanen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niko Reunanen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Big Data for Industrial Applications team Remote Sensing, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, VTT, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Big Data for Industrial Applications team Remote Sensing, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, VTT, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053231231","display_name":"Arttu L\u00e4ms\u00e4","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6136-9640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arttu Lamsa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Big Data for Industrial Applications team Remote Sensing, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, VTT, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Big Data for Industrial Applications team Remote Sensing, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, VTT, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074849885","display_name":"Heikki Astola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4989-9910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heikki Astola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Big Data for Industrial Applications team Remote Sensing, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, VTT, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Big Data for Industrial Applications team Remote Sensing, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, VTT, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071760305","display_name":"Tomi R\u00e4ty","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomi Raty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Big Data for Industrial Applications team Remote Sensing, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, VTT, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Big Data for Industrial Applications team Remote Sensing, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, VTT, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"abs 1409 1556","issue":null,"first_page":"2107","last_page":"2110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8039027452468872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","score":0.769126296043396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7442495822906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7389826774597168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7314684391021729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.6466267108917236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5844184756278992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5823978185653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/masking","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","score":0.5613617897033691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4773000478744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.47181829810142517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4543333649635315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4128814935684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33272314071655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09099704027175903}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8039027452468872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.769126296043396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7442495822906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7389826774597168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7314684391021729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.6466267108917236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5844184756278992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5823978185653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6783436","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","level":2,"score":0.5613617897033691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4773000478744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.47181829810142517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4543333649635315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4128814935684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33272314071655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09099704027175903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2018.8517484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2018.8517484","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324208","display_name":"Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus VTT","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327207","display_name":"Electronic Components and Systems for European Leadership","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1710476689","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1974289021","https://openalex.org/W1976978666","https://openalex.org/W2028240797","https://openalex.org/W2030851497","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2179290474","https://openalex.org/W2602844676","https://openalex.org/W2605495192","https://openalex.org/W2605847660","https://openalex.org/W2733849967","https://openalex.org/W2743156263","https://openalex.org/W2748715875","https://openalex.org/W2764034829","https://openalex.org/W2775384006","https://openalex.org/W2782522152","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W4298289240","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6637568146"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W4200173597","https://openalex.org/W3116150086","https://openalex.org/W2317337758","https://openalex.org/W3014708372","https://openalex.org/W2999805992","https://openalex.org/W4291897433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"cloud":[1,60],"and":[2,34,51,61,70],"shadow":[3,62],"detection":[4,31,63],"methods":[5],"have":[6],"been":[7],"proposed":[8,41],"already,":[9],"but":[10],"improvements":[11],"can":[12],"be":[13],"made":[14],"on":[15,45,53],"accuracy":[16,64],"or":[17],"automation.":[18],"In":[19],"this":[20],"study,":[21],"we":[22],"propose":[23],"a":[24,72],"Fully":[25],"Convolutional":[26],"Network":[27],"model":[28,42],"for":[29],"the":[30],"of":[32,57,74],"clouds":[33],"shadows":[35],"in":[36,49],"optical":[37],"satellite":[38],"images.":[39,58],"The":[40,59],"was":[43],"trained":[44],"165":[46],"Landsat":[47],"images":[48],"Finland,":[50],"tested":[52],"an":[54],"independent":[55],"set":[56],"reached":[65],"95%,":[66],"outperforming":[67],"both":[68],"quantitatively":[69],"qualitatively":[71],"selection":[73],"other":[75],"deep":[76],"learning":[77],"architectures.":[78]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}