{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2772841661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2017.8127082","title":"Modeling and validation of the angular clumping index of forest canopy","display_name":"Modeling and validation of the angular clumping index of forest canopy","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2772841661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2017.8127082","mag":"2772841661"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2017.8127082","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2017.8127082","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102854734","display_name":"Jingjing Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6512-2066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144776","display_name":"Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center","ror":"https://ror.org/042607708","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144776","https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingjing Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA, 20740","Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA, 20740","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144776","https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144776","https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089188165","display_name":"Wenjie Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3727-4748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjie Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of RS and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, China, 100871 ;  Beijing Key Laboratory of Spatial Information Integration & ITs Applications, Beijing, China, 100871","Peking University, Beijing, Beijing, China","Beijing Key Laboratory of Spatial Information Integration & ITs Applications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of RS and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, China, 100871 ;  Beijing Key Laboratory of Spatial Information Integration & ITs Applications, Beijing, China, 100871","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Spatial Information Integration & ITs Applications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063752734","display_name":"Lizhao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8594-4312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lizhao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, 100875","School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, 100875","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021344549","display_name":"Jvcai Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1413-9199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jvcai Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of RS and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, China, 100871 ;  Beijing Key Laboratory of Spatial Information Integration & ITs Applications, Beijing, China, 100871","Beijing Key Laboratory of Spatial Information Integration & Its Applications, Beijing, China","Institute of RS and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of RS and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, China, 100871 ;  Beijing Key Laboratory of Spatial Information Integration & ITs Applications, Beijing, China, 100871","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Spatial Information Integration & Its Applications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of RS and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044898746","display_name":"Dingfang Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dingfang Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of RS and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, China, 100871 ;  Beijing Key Laboratory of Spatial Information Integration & ITs Applications, Beijing, China, 100871","Beijing Key Laboratory of Spatial Information Integration & Its Applications, Beijing, China","Institute of RS and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of RS and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, China, 100871 ;  Beijing Key Laboratory of Spatial Information Integration & ITs Applications, Beijing, China, 100871","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Spatial Information Integration & Its Applications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of RS and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111873774","display_name":"Xiru Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiru Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of RS and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, China, 100871 ;  Beijing Key Laboratory of Spatial Information Integration & ITs Applications, Beijing, China, 100871","Beijing Key Laboratory of Spatial Information Integration & Its Applications, Beijing, China","Institute of RS and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of RS and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, China, 100871 ;  Beijing Key Laboratory of Spatial Information Integration & ITs Applications, Beijing, China, 100871","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Spatial Information Integration & Its Applications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of RS and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13066381,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"834","last_page":"837"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.645648717880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zenith","display_name":"Zenith","score":0.6065464615821838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fraction","display_name":"Fraction (chemistry)","score":0.5367734432220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-canopy","display_name":"Tree canopy","score":0.5146680474281311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-index","display_name":"Leaf area index","score":0.48967817425727844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.44241487979888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.44189056754112244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.41130921244621277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.36475592851638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3284280598163605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3244226574897766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.21693077683448792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.14594653248786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.09602007269859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.08214488625526428}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.645648717880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53970728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82806","display_name":"Zenith","level":2,"score":0.6065464615821838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149629883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660926","display_name":"Fraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5367734432220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39807119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134228","display_name":"Tree canopy","level":3,"score":0.5146680474281311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25989453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446746","display_name":"Leaf area index","level":2,"score":0.48967817425727844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.44241487979888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.44189056754112244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.41130921244621277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.36475592851638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3284280598163605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3244226574897766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.21693077683448792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.14594653248786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.09602007269859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.08214488625526428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2017.8127082","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2017.8127082","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.75}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985655433","https://openalex.org/W1995103915","https://openalex.org/W1996933841","https://openalex.org/W2048852284","https://openalex.org/W2053375325","https://openalex.org/W2063078821","https://openalex.org/W2090626095","https://openalex.org/W2132926714","https://openalex.org/W2161925775","https://openalex.org/W2176248117","https://openalex.org/W2547370298","https://openalex.org/W2570832884","https://openalex.org/W6732168472"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2377212262","https://openalex.org/W4327748155","https://openalex.org/W2955967599","https://openalex.org/W2549050738","https://openalex.org/W4387208895","https://openalex.org/W1983377997","https://openalex.org/W1594879216","https://openalex.org/W2388815296","https://openalex.org/W2045211767","https://openalex.org/W2056219210"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,52,116,135],"clumping":[1],"index":[2,13],"(CI)":[3],"is":[4,158],"an":[5,98,147,159],"important":[6,162],"factor":[7],"for":[8,152],"deriving":[9,67],"forest":[10,144,153,177],"leaf":[11],"area":[12],"(LAI)":[14],"at":[15],"both":[16],"pixel":[17],"and":[18,30,58,81,129,161],"point":[19],"scale.":[20],"Due":[21],"to":[22,171,175],"the":[23,38,49,63,75,92,124,130,138,143],"non-uniform":[24],"distribution":[25,127],"of":[26,33,55,66,78,169],"leaves":[27],"within":[28,120],"trees":[29,34],"random":[31,125],"layout":[32],"under":[35,87],"natural":[36],"conditions,":[37],"CI":[39,59,82,94,117,145,170],"varies":[40],"with":[41,60,83],"view":[42],"zenith":[43],"angle":[44],"(VZA)":[45],"as":[46,48],"well":[47],"gap":[50,56,79,107],"fraction.":[51,108],"variation":[53],"tendency":[54],"fraction":[57,80],"VZA":[61,84],"dominates":[62],"potential":[64],"uncertainty":[65],"LAI":[68],"from":[69,123,132],"directional":[70,93],"observations.":[71],"In":[72],"this":[73],"research,":[74],"continuous":[76],"change":[77],"was":[85,95],"simulated":[86],"virtual":[88],"tree":[89,133],"scenarios.":[90],"Meanwhile,":[91],"calculated":[96],"using":[97,113,137],"algebraic":[99,139],"model":[100,140],"developed":[101],"based":[102],"on":[103,106],"previous":[104],"researches":[105],"Both":[109],"results":[110],"were":[111],"validated":[112],"ground":[114],"measurements.":[115],"discrepancy":[118],"distributes":[119],"\u00b10.06":[121],"coming":[122],"number":[126],"restriction":[128],"influence":[131],"trunk.":[134],"analysis":[136],"shows":[141],"that":[142],"reaches":[146],"asymptotic":[148],"level":[149],"after":[150],"55\u00b0":[151],"canopy":[154],"dense":[155],"enough.":[156],"This":[157],"interesting":[160],"phenomenon,":[163],"which":[164],"reveal":[165],"a":[166],"stable":[167],"feature":[168],"be":[172],"further":[173],"used":[174],"extract":[176],"information.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}