{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2034843364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2014.6947484","title":"Improved GM (1, 1) model for sea level change prediction","display_name":"Improved GM (1, 1) model for sea level change prediction","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2034843364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2014.6947484","mag":"2034843364"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2014.6947484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2014.6947484","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115603465","display_name":"Zhang Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8933-9147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128053","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128053","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108577343","display_name":"Zhuang Zhi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuang Zhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018657781","display_name":"Shuai Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5039-5229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shang Kun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shang Kun","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sun Yanli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun Yanli","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12268354,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"4469","last_page":"4472"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12368","display_name":"Grey System Theory Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12368","display_name":"Grey System Theory Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14369","display_name":"Diverse Interdisciplinary Research Innovations","score":0.9728999733924866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9473000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponential-function","display_name":"Exponential function","score":0.6178540587425232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-model","display_name":"Linear model","score":0.5910136699676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.511419951915741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-level","display_name":"Sea level","score":0.4474152624607086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.43765005469322205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.430880606174469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.388095885515213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.3817022442817688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3613436222076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.343330979347229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.15083080530166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.09546837210655212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.07362821698188782}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151376022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168698","display_name":"Exponential function","level":2,"score":0.6178540587425232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163175372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3339222","display_name":"Linear model","level":2,"score":0.5910136699676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.511419951915741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74501621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125465","display_name":"Sea level","level":2,"score":0.4474152624607086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.43765005469322205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.430880606174469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.388095885515213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3817022442817688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3613436222076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.343330979347229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.15083080530166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.09546837210655212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.07362821698188782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2014.6947484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2014.6947484","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1577818368","https://openalex.org/W1845469817","https://openalex.org/W1981643243","https://openalex.org/W2013377700","https://openalex.org/W2128463999","https://openalex.org/W2131449312","https://openalex.org/W2206384727","https://openalex.org/W6634609459"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1919101720","https://openalex.org/W4390822878","https://openalex.org/W96888382","https://openalex.org/W4386126592","https://openalex.org/W2041308758","https://openalex.org/W4392529072","https://openalex.org/W4394131749","https://openalex.org/W2039911503","https://openalex.org/W3131456568","https://openalex.org/W2468232237"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,50],"the":[1,15,21,30,34,39,59,63,90,115,123,129,133,142,155],"past":[2],"study":[3],"of":[4,28,42,67,135,145,163],"conventional":[5,124,136],"GM":[6,68,82,125],"(1,1)":[7],"model":[8,17,71,117,131,138,158],"for":[9,80,107,154],"sea":[10,35,43,93,146,164],"level":[11,36,44,94,147,165],"change":[12,22,45],"predictions,":[13],"as":[14],"grey":[16,75],"is":[18,23,57,78,89,120],"exponential":[19,64],"function,":[20],"often":[24],"very":[25],"large,":[26],"lacking":[27],"considering":[29],"linear":[31,40,60,76,143,157],"factor":[32],"in":[33],"change,":[37,148],"thus":[38],"trend":[41,162],"should":[46],"be":[47],"reasonably":[48],"reflected.":[49],"this":[51],"paper,":[52],"an":[53],"improvement":[54],"methods,":[55],"which":[56],"adding":[58],"part":[61],"to":[62,72],"form":[65],"expression":[66],"(1,":[69,83,126],"1)":[70,84,127],"get":[73],"a":[74],"model,":[77,128],"attempted":[79],"improving":[81],"model.":[85],"The":[86,111],"data":[87,97],"used":[88],"global":[91],"mean":[92],"time":[95],"series":[96],"generated":[98],"by":[99,104],"tidal":[100],"file":[101],"and":[102,149],"provided":[103],"Permanent":[105],"Service":[106],"Mean":[108],"Sea":[109],"Level.":[110],"result":[112],"shows":[113],"that":[114],"improved":[116,130],"results":[118],"accuracy":[119],"higher":[121],"than":[122],"overcomes":[132],"disadvantages":[134],"GM(1,1)":[137],"can":[139],"not":[140],"reflect":[141,160],"rule":[144],"also":[150],"it":[151],"makes":[152],"up":[153],"simple":[156],"can't":[159],"nonlinear":[161],"change.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
