{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1972676744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2014.6947262","title":"Context based multiple railway object recognition from mobile laser scanning data","display_name":"Context based multiple railway object recognition from mobile laser scanning data","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1972676744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2014.6947262","mag":"1972676744"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2014.6947262","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2014.6947262","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051857096","display_name":"Chao Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0925-5988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192455969","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fq50484","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56007636","display_name":"Keele University","ror":"https://ror.org/00340yn33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56007636"]}],"countries":["CA","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth and Space Science and Engineering Department, York University, Toronto, ON","GeoICT Lab, Earth and Space Science and Engineering Department, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON M3J 1P3"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth and Space Science and Engineering Department, York University, Toronto, ON","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GeoICT Lab, Earth and Space Science and Engineering Department, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON M3J 1P3","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56007636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042519770","display_name":"Y. Jwa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192455969","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fq50484","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56007636","display_name":"Keele University","ror":"https://ror.org/00340yn33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56007636"]}],"countries":["CA","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoonseok Jwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth and Space Science and Engineering Department, York University, Toronto, ON","GeoICT Lab, Earth and Space Science and Engineering Department, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON M3J 1P3"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth and Space Science and Engineering Department, York University, Toronto, ON","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GeoICT Lab, Earth and Space Science and Engineering Department, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON M3J 1P3","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56007636"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036846355","display_name":"Gunho Sohn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5127-8358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192455969","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fq50484","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56007636","display_name":"Keele University","ror":"https://ror.org/00340yn33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56007636"]}],"countries":["CA","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gunho Sohn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth and Space Science and Engineering Department, York University, Toronto, ON","GeoICT Lab, Earth and Space Science and Engineering Department, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON M3J 1P3"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth and Space Science and Engineering Department, York University, Toronto, ON","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GeoICT Lab, Earth and Space Science and Engineering Department, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON M3J 1P3","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56007636"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3602","last_page":"3605"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9728000164031982,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-random-field","display_name":"Conditional random field","score":0.7857383489608765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.719708263874054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7152645587921143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6528598070144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6146343946456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-scanning","display_name":"Laser scanning","score":0.5786107182502747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5674228668212891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.554168164730072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-neuroscience-of-visual-object-recognition","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","score":0.5176149606704712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.48203885555267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.47894102334976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.44574227929115295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.44325703382492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-design","display_name":"Contextual design","score":0.41046062111854553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.16099342703819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15803876519203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10127860307693481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.7857383489608765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.719708263874054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7152645587921143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6528598070144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6146343946456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141349535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361664","display_name":"Laser scanning","level":3,"score":0.5786107182502747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5674228668212891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.554168164730072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64876066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","level":3,"score":0.5176149606704712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.48203885555267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.47894102334976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.44574227929115295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.44325703382492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71611378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165191","display_name":"Contextual design","level":3,"score":0.41046062111854553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.16099342703819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15803876519203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10127860307693481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2014.6947262","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2014.6947262","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322010","display_name":"Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport","ror":"https://ror.org/04xt5aa77"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W573617743","https://openalex.org/W1964803612","https://openalex.org/W2001563151","https://openalex.org/W2027091505","https://openalex.org/W2051434435","https://openalex.org/W2109189215","https://openalex.org/W2167924377","https://openalex.org/W2186402307"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2356597680","https://openalex.org/W2093471820","https://openalex.org/W50079190","https://openalex.org/W2114846443","https://openalex.org/W3102147106","https://openalex.org/W2347460059","https://openalex.org/W2111726165","https://openalex.org/W1984858032","https://openalex.org/W2616891703","https://openalex.org/W632075887"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,54],"present":[4],"a":[5],"context":[6],"based":[7],"multiple":[8],"railway":[9],"object":[10,42,68],"recognition":[11],"method":[12,88],"from":[13,30,82],"mobile":[14,92],"laser":[15,93],"scanning":[16,94],"data.":[17],"This":[18],"research":[19],"makes":[20],"use":[21,55],"of":[22],"contextual":[23,58],"information":[24,59],"for":[25],"classification,":[26],"which":[27],"is":[28,44,60],"retrieved":[29],"the":[31,67,72,78],"unlabeled":[32],"neighborhood":[33],"as":[34],"feature":[35],"vector.":[36],"The":[37,52,86],"interaction":[38],"(object":[39],"context)":[40],"among":[41],"labels":[43],"also":[45],"utilized":[46],"to":[47,56],"enforce":[48],"local":[49,73,83],"smoothness":[50],"constraint.":[51],"model":[53],"incorporate":[57],"Conditional":[61],"Random":[62],"Field":[63],"(CRF).":[64],"By":[65],"maximizing":[66],"label":[69],"agreement":[70],"in":[71],"neighborhood,":[74],"CRF":[75],"could":[76],"improve":[77],"classification":[79],"results":[80],"obtained":[81],"GMM-EM":[84],"classifier.":[85],"proposed":[87],"was":[89],"validated":[90],"with":[91],"data":[95],"using":[96],"cross":[97],"validation.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}