{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2075246060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2014.6946544","title":"3D reconstruction of a single tree from terrestrial LiDAR data","display_name":"3D reconstruction of a single tree from terrestrial LiDAR data","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2075246060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2014.6946544","mag":"2075246060"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2014.6946544","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2014.6946544","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103676384","display_name":"Wang Xiangyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1689-9044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wang Xiangyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Remote Sensing and Digital City Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, and School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Remote Sensing and Digital City Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, and School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xie Donghui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xie Donghui","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Remote Sensing and Digital City Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, and School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Remote Sensing and Digital City Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, and School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yan Guangjian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Guangjian","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Remote Sensing and Digital City Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, and School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Remote Sensing and Digital City Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, and School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhang Wuming","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang Wuming","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Remote Sensing and Digital City Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, and School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Remote Sensing and Digital City Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, and School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065430171","display_name":"Yan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2540-5824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Remote Sensing and Digital City Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, and School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Remote Sensing and Digital City Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, and School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chen Yiming","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Yiming","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Remote Sensing and Digital City Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, and School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Remote Sensing and Digital City Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, and School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103676384"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10782589,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"796","last_page":"799"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11796","display_name":"Horticultural and Viticultural Research","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.8599076271057129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.7659927606582642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5568364262580872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5436683297157288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.5039076209068298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-cube","display_name":"Data cube","score":0.4952680170536041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.4885750710964203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.47938254475593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-structure","display_name":"Tree structure","score":0.4504472017288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cube","display_name":"Cube (algebra)","score":0.43428462743759155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approximation-error","display_name":"Approximation error","score":0.42263007164001465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.42155811190605164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.361650288105011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2711033821105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2543230354785919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-tree","display_name":"Binary tree","score":0.19387474656105042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.17265284061431885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.15099555253982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.10946342349052429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.10155066847801208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.8599076271057129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.7659927606582642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5568364262580872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5436683297157288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5039076209068298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78168278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227269","display_name":"Data cube","level":2,"score":0.4952680170536041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.4885750710964203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.47938254475593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163797641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067937","display_name":"Tree structure","level":3,"score":0.4504472017288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53051483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861555","display_name":"Cube (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.43428462743759155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122383733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865920","display_name":"Approximation error","level":2,"score":0.42263007164001465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.42155811190605164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.361650288105011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2711033821105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2543230354785919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197855036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380172","display_name":"Binary tree","level":2,"score":0.19387474656105042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.17265284061431885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15099555253982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.10946342349052429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.10155066847801208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2014.6946544","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2014.6946544","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1882707605","https://openalex.org/W1967688818","https://openalex.org/W1975551494","https://openalex.org/W1987610258","https://openalex.org/W2039393019","https://openalex.org/W2088715311","https://openalex.org/W2091701868","https://openalex.org/W2132926714","https://openalex.org/W2168082801","https://openalex.org/W3136970581","https://openalex.org/W6673388835"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087724950","https://openalex.org/W2366586806","https://openalex.org/W2407777725","https://openalex.org/W1969639826","https://openalex.org/W1582972698","https://openalex.org/W2352476121","https://openalex.org/W2355987888","https://openalex.org/W1964212383","https://openalex.org/W2161001463","https://openalex.org/W3120311794"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Terrestrial":[0],"LiDAR":[1,66],"systems":[2],"have":[3],"received":[4],"lots":[5],"of":[6,47,50,61,94,111],"attention":[7],"on":[8,16,33,132],"three-dimensional":[9],"(3D)":[10],"structure":[11,101,141],"reconstruction":[12],"for":[13],"trees,":[14],"especially":[15],"the":[17,41,45,107,125,139],"branches":[18],"skeleton":[19],"generation.":[20],"On":[21],"this":[22],"basis,":[23],"a":[24,62,129],"method":[25,126],"is":[26,69,102,115],"proposed":[27],"to":[28,43,57,72],"add":[29],"leaves":[30],"structures":[31],"based":[32],"point":[34,51],"density":[35],"by":[36,80],"dividing":[37],"small":[38],"cube":[39],"in":[40],"canopy":[42],"reduce":[44],"influence":[46],"uneven":[48],"distribution":[49],"cloud,":[52],"combining":[53],"gap":[54,113],"fraction":[55,114],"model":[56],"retrieve":[58],"leaf":[59,95],"area":[60,96],"tree":[63],"using":[64,76],"terrestrial":[65],"data.":[67,90],"It":[68],"successfully":[70],"applied":[71],"reconstruct":[73],"3D":[74,140],"trees":[75],"points":[77,89],"data":[78],"simulated":[79],"ray":[81],"tracing":[82],"algorithm":[83],"as":[84,86],"well":[85],"field":[87],"measured":[88],"The":[91,120],"relative":[92,109],"error":[93,110],"between":[97,138],"reconstructed":[98,142],"and":[99,135,143],"real":[100,144],"less":[103,117],"than":[104,118],"0.9%.":[105],"Meanwhile,":[106],"most":[108],"directional":[112],"also":[116],"4.1%.":[119],"experimental":[121],"results":[122],"prove":[123],"that":[124],"has":[127],"gotten":[128],"satisfied":[130],"consistency":[131],"visual":[133],"sense":[134],"quantitative":[136],"evaluation":[137],"structure.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
