{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1971032319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6351506","title":"A statistic model developed to estimate the penetration depth using passive microwave remote sensing","display_name":"A statistic model developed to estimate the penetration depth using passive microwave remote sensing","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1971032319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6351506","mag":"1971032319"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2012.6351506","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6351506","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375732","display_name":"Tao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8335-2957"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, School of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, School of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100427808","display_name":"Lixin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8367-6935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lixin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, School of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, School of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101660047","display_name":"Shaojie Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5003-6971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaojie Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, School of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, School of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056336938","display_name":"Lingmei Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9847-9034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingmei Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, School of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, School of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037001840","display_name":"Linna Chai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8295-8973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linna Chai","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, School of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, School of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100375732"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2515,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59010504,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":null,"first_page":"666","last_page":"669"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10716","display_name":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.7832512855529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penetration-depth","display_name":"Penetration depth","score":0.7533085942268372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penetration","display_name":"Penetration (warfare)","score":0.6599149107933044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometer","display_name":"Radiometer","score":0.6590902209281921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-radiometer","display_name":"Microwave radiometer","score":0.6265181303024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5903168320655823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistic","display_name":"Statistic","score":0.5497159361839294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5176566243171692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2473287284374237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.22440582513809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.16612893342971802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12790417671203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11722901463508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09022000432014465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07324957847595215}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.7832512855529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193493375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1306232","display_name":"Penetration depth","level":2,"score":0.7533085942268372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80107235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162625","display_name":"Penetration (warfare)","level":2,"score":0.6599149107933044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120189094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281","display_name":"Radiometer","level":2,"score":0.6590902209281921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96960616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3814470","display_name":"Microwave radiometer","level":3,"score":0.6265181303024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5903168320655823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89128539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949963","display_name":"Statistic","level":2,"score":0.5497159361839294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5176566243171692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2473287284374237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.22440582513809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.16612893342971802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12790417671203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11722901463508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09022000432014465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07324957847595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2012.6351506","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6351506","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597222998","https://openalex.org/W2044927495","https://openalex.org/W2074313131","https://openalex.org/W2112706851","https://openalex.org/W2374184135"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381259876","https://openalex.org/W2016007472","https://openalex.org/W2360231461","https://openalex.org/W2413930784","https://openalex.org/W2140108161","https://openalex.org/W2005776842","https://openalex.org/W1983957298","https://openalex.org/W2165236048","https://openalex.org/W2388976256","https://openalex.org/W2013323393"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Penetration":[0],"depth":[1,21,52,61,117,149],"of":[2,30,41,69,118],"passive":[3,54,119],"microwave":[4,31,55,120],"remote":[5,32,56,121],"sensing":[6,33,57],"indicates":[7],"the":[8,11,28,38,50,59,70,115,125,147,158],"area":[9],"below":[10],"land":[12,42],"surface":[13],"where":[14],"singles":[15],"come":[16],"from.":[17],"A":[18],"reliable":[19],"penetration":[20,51,93,116,148],"is":[22,58],"helpful":[23],"not":[24],"only":[25],"in":[26,36,53],"understanding":[27],"mechanism":[29],"but":[34],"also":[35],"validating":[37],"retrieved":[39],"results":[40],"parameters.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"paper,":[46],"we":[47],"defined":[48],"that":[49,146],"soil":[60,99,103],"above":[62],"which":[63,88],"contributes":[64],"more":[65,90],"than":[66],"99%":[67],"power":[68],"total":[71],"signal.":[72],"Based":[73],"on":[74,92],"a":[75,109,137],"three-layer":[76],"non-coherent":[77],"model":[78,112],"(air-soil-aluminum),":[79],"sensitive":[80],"analysis":[81],"was":[82,144],"conducted":[83],"to":[84,107,113],"find":[85],"out":[86,135],"parameters":[87,97],"have":[89],"effect":[91],"depth.":[94],"Then":[95],"three":[96],"including":[98],"moisture,":[100],"frequency":[101],"and":[102,133],"temperature":[104],"were":[105,131],"selected":[106],"build":[108],"simple":[110],"statistic":[111,126,159],"calculate":[114],"sensing.":[122],"To":[123],"validate":[124],"model,":[127],"two":[128],"controlled":[129],"experiments":[130],"designed":[132],"carried":[134],"using":[136],"Truck-mounted":[138],"Multi-frequency":[139],"Microwave":[140],"Radiometer":[141],"(TMMR).":[142],"It":[143],"shown":[145],"calculated":[150],"from":[151],"field":[152],"experiment":[153],"data":[154],"coincided":[155],"well":[156],"with":[157],"model.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}