{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010480955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6351213","title":"Bayesian approach to tree detection with airborne laser scanning","display_name":"Bayesian approach to tree detection with airborne laser scanning","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010480955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6351213","mag":"2010480955"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2012.6351213","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6351213","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065146395","display_name":"Timo L\u00e4hivaara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0719-1973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timo Lahivaara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019048266","display_name":"Aku Sepp\u00e4nen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4042-2254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aku Seppanen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037873130","display_name":"Jari P. Kaipio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7392-5149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI","NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jari P. Kaipio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","Department of Mathematics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022068176","display_name":"Jari Vauhkonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2482-9644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jari Vauhkonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078472341","display_name":"Lauri Korhonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9352-0114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lauri Korhonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044208575","display_name":"Timo Tokola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5269-5308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timo Tokola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085511466","display_name":"Matti Maltamo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9904-3371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matti Maltamo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9739,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70852153,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1641","last_page":"1644"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.729911208152771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.6486756801605225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6051661968231201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4947368800640106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.44589143991470337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.42709892988204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crown","display_name":"Crown (dentistry)","score":0.4214290380477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayes-estimator","display_name":"Bayes estimator","score":0.41199660301208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3701378107070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.36775022745132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34991881251335144}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.729911208152771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.6486756801605225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6051661968231201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4947368800640106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44589143991470337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.42709892988204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778400979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143720","display_name":"Crown (dentistry)","level":2,"score":0.4214290380477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68022304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842217","display_name":"Bayes estimator","level":3,"score":0.41199660301208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3701378107070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.36775022745132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34991881251335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2012.6351213","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6351213","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531455566","https://openalex.org/W1994585903","https://openalex.org/W2009731464","https://openalex.org/W2021039784","https://openalex.org/W2098742184","https://openalex.org/W2133160971","https://openalex.org/W2141616268"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1556261626","https://openalex.org/W2352325302","https://openalex.org/W2114728125","https://openalex.org/W4220780651","https://openalex.org/W2350447072","https://openalex.org/W30733840","https://openalex.org/W2495884403","https://openalex.org/W2388260686","https://openalex.org/W3122803093","https://openalex.org/W2039817173"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4],"a":[5,84],"novel":[6],"computational":[7],"approach":[8,57,139],"to":[9,15,27,40],"tree":[10,29,34,101,171],"detection.":[11],"The":[12,52,74,134,145,152],"aim":[13],"is":[14,46,58,77,95,140],"reconstruct":[16],"the":[17,55,68,72,81,89,92,98,115,118,128,137,157,162],"positions,":[18],"sizes":[19,160],"and":[20,31,105,159],"crown":[21,103,106],"shapes":[22,35],"of":[23,33,54,83,100,120,136,161],"trees.":[24],"This":[25,43],"amounts":[26],"simultaneous":[28],"localization":[30],"estimation":[32,44,116],"by":[36],"fitting":[37],"multiple":[38],"CHMs":[39],"ALS":[41,143],"data.":[42,144],"problem":[45],"written":[47,79],"in":[48,71,80,114,122],"Bayesian":[49,56],"inversion":[50],"framework.":[51],"benefit":[53],"that":[59,87,110,156],"it":[60],"enables":[61],"accounting":[62],"for":[63],"statistical":[64],"prior":[65,75,93],"information":[66,76,94,113],"on":[67],"unknown":[69],"parameters":[70],"estimation.":[73],"explicitely":[78],"form":[82],"probability":[85],"distribution":[86],"models":[88],"unknowns.":[90],"Here,":[91],"associated":[96],"with":[97,142,149],"statistics":[99],"height,":[102],"height":[104],"width.":[107],"We":[108],"hypothesize":[109],"utilizing":[111],"such":[112],"improves":[117],"detection":[119],"trees":[121,163],"dense":[123],"forests,":[124],"i.e.":[125],"cases":[126],"where":[127],"existing":[129],"reconstruction":[130],"methods":[131],"usually":[132],"fail.":[133],"feasibility":[135],"proposed":[138],"tested":[141],"estimates":[146],"are":[147,173],"compared":[148],"field":[150],"measurements.":[151],"preliminary":[153],"results":[154],"demonstrate":[155],"positions":[158],"can":[164],"be":[165],"tracked":[166],"relatively":[167],"well,":[168],"even":[169],"if":[170],"crowns":[172],"interlaced.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
