{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2049915755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6351190","title":"SENTINEL-1 Satellite System architecture: Design, performances and operations","display_name":"SENTINEL-1 Satellite System architecture: Design, performances and operations","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2049915755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6351190","mag":"2049915755"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2012.6351190","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6351190","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077263361","display_name":"Giacomo Taini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801562428","display_name":"Alenia Aermacchi","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh5r64","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801562428","https://openalex.org/I2802798279"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103616","display_name":"Space (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/01c79fd45","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103616"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102386","display_name":"Thales (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rwwx648","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102386","https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giacomo Taini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thales Alenia Space, Rome, Italy","Thales Alenia Space Italia, Via Saccomuro 24, 00131 Rome - Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801562428","https://openalex.org/I4210103616","https://openalex.org/I4210102386"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space Italia, Via Saccomuro 24, 00131 Rome - Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801562428","https://openalex.org/I4210103616","https://openalex.org/I4210102386"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041365756","display_name":"Aniceto Panetti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102386","display_name":"Thales (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rwwx648","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102386","https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801562428","display_name":"Alenia Aermacchi","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh5r64","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801562428","https://openalex.org/I2802798279"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103616","display_name":"Space (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/01c79fd45","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103616"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aniceto Panetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thales Alenia Space, Rome, Italy","Thales Alenia Space Italia, Via Saccomuro 24, 00131 Rome - Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801562428","https://openalex.org/I4210103616","https://openalex.org/I4210102386"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space Italia, Via Saccomuro 24, 00131 Rome - Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801562428","https://openalex.org/I4210103616","https://openalex.org/I4210102386"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037967941","display_name":"Francesca Spataro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801562428","display_name":"Alenia Aermacchi","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh5r64","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801562428","https://openalex.org/I2802798279"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103616","display_name":"Space (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/01c79fd45","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103616"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102386","display_name":"Thales (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rwwx648","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102386","https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesca Spataro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thales Alenia Space, Rome, Italy","Thales Alenia Space Italia, Via Saccomuro 24, 00131 Rome - Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801562428","https://openalex.org/I4210103616","https://openalex.org/I4210102386"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space Italia, Via Saccomuro 24, 00131 Rome - Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801562428","https://openalex.org/I4210103616","https://openalex.org/I4210102386"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112472423","display_name":"Claudio Bruno","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102386","display_name":"Thales (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rwwx648","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102386","https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801562428","display_name":"Alenia Aermacchi","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh5r64","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801562428","https://openalex.org/I2802798279"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103616","display_name":"Space (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/01c79fd45","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103616"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudio Bruno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thales Alenia Space, Rome, Italy","Thales Alenia Space Italia, Via Saccomuro 24, 00131 Rome - Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801562428","https://openalex.org/I4210103616","https://openalex.org/I4210102386"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space Italia, Via Saccomuro 24, 00131 Rome - Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801562428","https://openalex.org/I4210103616","https://openalex.org/I4210102386"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112074395","display_name":"Michelangelo L\u2019Abbate","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102386","display_name":"Thales (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rwwx648","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102386","https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103616","display_name":"Space (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/01c79fd45","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103616"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801562428","display_name":"Alenia Aermacchi","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh5r64","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801562428","https://openalex.org/I2802798279"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michelangelo L'Abbate","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thales Alenia Space, Rome, Italy","Thales Alenia Space Italia, Via Saccomuro 24, 00131 Rome - Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801562428","https://openalex.org/I4210103616","https://openalex.org/I4210102386"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space Italia, Via Saccomuro 24, 00131 Rome - Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801562428","https://openalex.org/I4210103616","https://openalex.org/I4210102386"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086651401","display_name":"Anna Notarantonio","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102386","display_name":"Thales (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rwwx648","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102386","https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801562428","display_name":"Alenia Aermacchi","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh5r64","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801562428","https://openalex.org/I2802798279"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103616","display_name":"Space (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/01c79fd45","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103616"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Notarantonio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thales Alenia Space, Rome, Italy","Thales Alenia Space Italia, Via Saccomuro 24, 00131 Rome - Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801562428","https://openalex.org/I4210103616","https://openalex.org/I4210102386"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space Italia, Via Saccomuro 24, 00131 Rome - Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801562428","https://openalex.org/I4210103616","https://openalex.org/I4210102386"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040032426","display_name":"Sergio Barrasso","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103616","display_name":"Space (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/01c79fd45","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103616"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801562428","display_name":"Alenia Aermacchi","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh5r64","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801562428","https://openalex.org/I2802798279"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102386","display_name":"Thales (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rwwx648","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102386","https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Barrasso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thales Alenia Space, Rome, Italy","Thales Alenia Space Italia, Via Saccomuro 24, 00131 Rome - Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801562428","https://openalex.org/I4210103616","https://openalex.org/I4210102386"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space Italia, Via Saccomuro 24, 00131 Rome - Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801562428","https://openalex.org/I4210103616","https://openalex.org/I4210102386"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014135696","display_name":"Ram\u00f3n Torres","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44377176","display_name":"European Space Research and Technology Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03h3jqn23","country_code":"NL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801994115","https://openalex.org/I44377176"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramon Torres","raw_affiliation_strings":["ESA, ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands","ESA/ESTEC - Keplerlaan 1 Postbus 299 AG 2200 Noordwijk, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESA, ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44377176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESA/ESTEC - Keplerlaan 1 Postbus 299 AG 2200 Noordwijk, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44377176"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025588732","display_name":"Svein Lokas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44377176","display_name":"European Space Research and Technology Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03h3jqn23","country_code":"NL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801994115","https://openalex.org/I44377176"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Svein Lokas","raw_affiliation_strings":["ESA, ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands","ESA/ESTEC - Keplerlaan 1 Postbus 299 AG 2200 Noordwijk, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESA, ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44377176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESA/ESTEC - Keplerlaan 1 Postbus 299 AG 2200 Noordwijk, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44377176"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077263361"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801562428","https://openalex.org/I4210102386","https://openalex.org/I4210103616"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3875,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8909262,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1722","last_page":"1725"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13200","display_name":"Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies","score":0.9649999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.7751986980438232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.677155077457428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6449587345123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5372500419616699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.5236282348632812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-band","display_name":"C band","score":0.5104688405990601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4888553023338318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-observation","display_name":"Earth observation","score":0.4728567600250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-architecture","display_name":"Systems architecture","score":0.46318766474723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decomposition","display_name":"Decomposition","score":0.4311596155166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.42628660798072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.416761189699173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-design","display_name":"Systems design","score":0.4145759344100952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22386601567268372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19463032484054565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.1748041808605194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.11381024122238159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11215612292289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09776726365089417}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.7751986980438232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.677155077457428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6449587345123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5372500419616699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.5236282348632812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63944557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27786604","display_name":"C band","level":2,"score":0.5104688405990601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4888553023338318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39399123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348989","display_name":"Earth observation","level":3,"score":0.4728567600250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98025372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477538","display_name":"Systems architecture","level":3,"score":0.46318766474723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124681953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339062","display_name":"Decomposition","level":2,"score":0.4311596155166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.42628660798072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.416761189699173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31352089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3750474","display_name":"Systems design","level":2,"score":0.4145759344100952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22386601567268372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19463032484054565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.1748041808605194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.11381024122238159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11215612292289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09776726365089417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2012.6351190","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6351190","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099521590","https://openalex.org/W1683429535","https://openalex.org/W2373872571","https://openalex.org/W2060848642","https://openalex.org/W2371431472","https://openalex.org/W2801598934","https://openalex.org/W4382139800","https://openalex.org/W2084371050","https://openalex.org/W1561682839","https://openalex.org/W3139430024"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,39],"provides":[2],"an":[3],"overview":[4],"of":[5,9,34,44,56],"the":[6,32,45,49,62,66,70],"main":[7,24,71],"features":[8],"GMES":[10],"SENTINEL-1":[11],"Satellite":[12,19],"System,":[13],"a":[14,42,54],"C-band":[15],"Synthetic":[16],"Aperture":[17],"Radar":[18],"for":[20,31],"Earth":[21],"Observation.":[22],"The":[23,38],"system":[25],"requirements":[26],"are":[27,76],"presented":[28],"as":[29],"drivers":[30],"design":[33,64],"satellite":[35,46],"and":[36,53,73],"operations.":[37],"will":[40],"include":[41],"description":[43,55],"general":[47],"architecture,":[48],"decomposition":[50],"into":[51],"modules":[52],"all":[57],"functional":[58],"subsystems.":[59],"In":[60],"addition,":[61],"major":[63],"challenges,":[65],"most":[67],"critical":[68],"developments,":[69],"performances":[72],"operational":[74],"concepts":[75],"outlined.":[77]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}