{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2029592473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6351064","title":"Performance assessment of automatic crowd detection techniques on airborne images","display_name":"Performance assessment of automatic crowd detection techniques on airborne images","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2029592473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6351064","mag":"2029592473"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2012.6351064","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6351064","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056056423","display_name":"Beril S\u0131rma\u00e7ek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0343-5072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beril Sirmacek","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center (DLR), Germany","German Aerospace Center (DLR) Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center (DLR) Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044808651","display_name":"Jeroen Lichtenauer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeroen Lichtenauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London, United Kingdom","Imperial College, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076303551","display_name":"Cem \u00dcnsalan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8904-3730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100072489","display_name":"Yeditepe University","ror":"https://ror.org/025mx2575","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100072489"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cem Unsalan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yeditepe University, Turkey","Yeditepe Univ., Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yeditepe University, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100072489"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yeditepe Univ., Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100072489"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052386553","display_name":"Peter Reinartz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8122-1475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Reinartz","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center (DLR), Germany","German Aerospace Center (DLR) Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center (DLR) Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2776,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5713464,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":null,"first_page":"2198","last_page":"2201"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowds","display_name":"Crowds","score":0.8576800227165222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.8015720248222351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7853446006774902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5652785897254944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strengths-and-weaknesses","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","score":0.47889843583106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4736829102039337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4269489049911499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4142216145992279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4029417335987091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3461610972881317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777852691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13430821","display_name":"Crowds","level":2,"score":0.8576800227165222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.8015720248222351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7853446006774902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5652785897254944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63882131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17122954","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","level":2,"score":0.47889843583106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4736829102039337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4269489049911499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4142216145992279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4029417335987091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3461610972881317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2012.6351064","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6351064","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:75358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://elib.dlr.de/75358/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Konferenzbeitrag"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W247104752","https://openalex.org/W2015630406","https://openalex.org/W2047309389","https://openalex.org/W2049916020","https://openalex.org/W2060188823","https://openalex.org/W2103766514","https://openalex.org/W2116044718","https://openalex.org/W2118698245","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2143956596","https://openalex.org/W2147002980","https://openalex.org/W2170282673","https://openalex.org/W2309774493","https://openalex.org/W6681236526","https://openalex.org/W6698508395"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4240200267","https://openalex.org/W1511510665","https://openalex.org/W1524661185","https://openalex.org/W2078823605","https://openalex.org/W2500095415","https://openalex.org/W2097922264","https://openalex.org/W2282342021","https://openalex.org/W4233026749","https://openalex.org/W4248106174","https://openalex.org/W1996690921"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Real-time":[0],"monitoring":[1],"of":[2,11,18,29,75,87,110,120],"crowded":[3],"regions":[4],"has":[5],"crucial":[6],"importance":[7],"to":[8,25,34,39,106],"avoid":[9],"overload":[10],"people":[12,20],"in":[13,90,104],"certain":[14],"areas.":[15,31],"Understanding":[16],"dynamics":[17],"large":[19],"crowds":[21],"can":[22],"also":[23,100],"help":[24],"estimate":[26],"future":[27],"status":[28],"public":[30],"In":[32],"order":[33,105],"bring":[35],"an":[36],"automatic":[37],"solution":[38],"the":[40,83,108,111,121],"problem,":[41],"herein":[42],"we":[43,62,81,99],"introduce":[44,101],"four":[45,56,64,94],"different":[46,57,65,95],"approaches":[47,103],"based":[48],"on":[49,123,125],"keypoint":[50,58,96],"extraction":[51,59,97],"from":[52],"airborne":[53],"images.":[54],"Using":[55],"methods":[60,89],"separately,":[61],"form":[63],"probability":[66],"density":[67,74],"functions":[68],"(pdf)":[69],"which":[70],"hold":[71],"information":[72],"about":[73],"people.":[76],"With":[77],"our":[78],"experimental":[79,115],"results,":[80],"discuss":[82],"strengths":[84],"and":[85],"weaknesses":[86],"these":[88],"detail.":[91],"Besides":[92],"using":[93],"methods,":[98],"fusion":[102],"increase":[107],"robustness":[109],"algorithm.":[112],"Our":[113],"promising":[114],"results":[116],"indicate":[117],"possible":[118],"usage":[119],"algorithm":[122],"real-time":[124],"board":[126],"applications.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}