{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2145197660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2011.6049880","title":"How is the angular signature of SMOS brightness temperature different in the morning and evening?","display_name":"How is the angular signature of SMOS brightness temperature different in the morning and evening?","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2145197660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2011.6049880","mag":"2145197660"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2011.6049880","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2011.6049880","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045898935","display_name":"Brian K. Hornbuckle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7653-0268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brian K. Hornbuckle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, IA, USA","Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, 50011-1010 USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, 50011-1010 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070053243","display_name":"Tracy Rowlandson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8509-2658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tracy L. Rowlandson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, IA, USA","Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, 50011-1010 USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, 50011-1010 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054426575","display_name":"Jason C. Patton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason C. Patton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, IA, USA","Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, 50011-1010 USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, 50011-1010 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069253580","display_name":"Lisa Bramer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8384-1926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisa M. Bramer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, IA, USA","Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, 50011-1010 USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, 50011-1010 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045898935"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5325,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71378803,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3125","last_page":"3128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morning","display_name":"Morning","score":0.9466661214828491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evening","display_name":"Evening","score":0.9333088397979736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness-temperature","display_name":"Brightness temperature","score":0.7097122073173523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/significant-difference","display_name":"Significant difference","score":0.624310314655304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness","display_name":"Brightness","score":0.5062345862388611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-content","display_name":"Water content","score":0.4888274073600769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4425755739212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-science","display_name":"Animal science","score":0.32379740476608276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.29224270582199097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.22437509894371033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.18756189942359924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18246862292289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1714920699596405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1554475724697113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.10294133424758911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.09635558724403381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.07466632127761841}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19720800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7722","display_name":"Morning","level":2,"score":0.9466661214828491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776476923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7725","display_name":"Evening","level":2,"score":0.9333088397979736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53802167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4538627","display_name":"Brightness temperature","level":3,"score":0.7097122073173523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018023364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Significant difference","level":2,"score":0.624310314655304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.5062345862388611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.4888274073600769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4425755739212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.32379740476608276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29224270582199097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.22437509894371033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.18756189942359924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18246862292289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1714920699596405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1554475724697113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.10294133424758911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.09635558724403381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.07466632127761841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2011.6049880","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2011.6049880","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524328841","https://openalex.org/W2072567364","https://openalex.org/W2100724327","https://openalex.org/W2121978577","https://openalex.org/W2125236168","https://openalex.org/W2139140906","https://openalex.org/W2141219203","https://openalex.org/W2142238052","https://openalex.org/W2151586007","https://openalex.org/W2155607837","https://openalex.org/W2157980636"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2037869040","https://openalex.org/W2595300283","https://openalex.org/W2460835353","https://openalex.org/W2083536581","https://openalex.org/W1992895559","https://openalex.org/W2022741049","https://openalex.org/W2898805387","https://openalex.org/W2146714356","https://openalex.org/W4393156038","https://openalex.org/W3094277598"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Evening":[0,50],"(6pm)":[1],"and":[2,39],"morning":[3,40,59],"(6am)":[4],"SMOS":[5,41],"observations":[6,42],"are":[7,56],"different.":[8],"The":[9],"greatest":[10],"difference":[11,22,36,62],"is":[12,31],"for":[13,43],"incidence":[14,44],"angles":[15,45],"less":[16],"than":[17,47,58],"approximately":[18,48],"30\u00b0,":[19],"but":[20,34],"this":[21],"can":[23],"not":[24],"be":[25],"explained":[26],"with":[27],"physical":[28],"models.":[29],"There":[30],"a":[32],"smaller":[33],"significant":[35],"in":[37],"evening":[38],"greater":[46],"50\u00b0.":[49],"values":[51],"of":[52],"the":[53],"polarization":[54],"index":[55],"higher":[57],"values.":[60],"This":[61],"does":[63],"have":[64],"two":[65],"plausible":[66],"explanations:":[67],"either":[68],"soil":[69],"moisture":[70],"has":[71,78],"decreased":[72],"overnight;":[73],"or":[74],"vegetation":[75],"water":[76],"content":[77],"increased":[79],"overnight.":[80]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}