{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2128944533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2011.6049566","title":"Hyperspectral image classification using spectral and spatial information based linear discriminant analysis","display_name":"Hyperspectral image classification using spectral and spatial information based linear discriminant analysis","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2128944533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2011.6049566","mag":"2128944533"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2011.6049566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2011.6049566","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006434175","display_name":"Cheng\u2010Hsuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5059-8256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34574549","display_name":"National Taichung University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/006tnfe02","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34574549"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Hsuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Educational Measurement and Statistics, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung, Taiwan","Institute of Electrical Control Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Educational Measurement and Statistics, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34574549"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical Control Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030622704","display_name":"Hui-Shan Chu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34574549","display_name":"National Taichung University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/006tnfe02","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34574549"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui-Shan Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Educational Measurement and Statistics, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Educational Measurement and Statistics, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34574549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054302891","display_name":"Bor\u2010Chen Kuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1741-2450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34574549","display_name":"National Taichung University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/006tnfe02","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34574549"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bor-Chen Kuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Educational Measurement and Statistics, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Educational Measurement and Statistics, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34574549"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058936239","display_name":"Chin\u2010Teng Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8371-8197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chin-Teng Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electrical Control Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical Control Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1716","last_page":"1719"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9610000252723694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8993542194366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7693749666213989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6805849075317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.6283955574035645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.6103057861328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5893313884735107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5512807369232178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.5256710648536682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-random-field","display_name":"Markov random field","score":0.47725507616996765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.46903976798057556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.4440300464630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4429776966571808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.44268378615379333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminant","display_name":"Discriminant","score":0.4166927933692932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3747174143791199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.28040504455566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.17769142985343933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.15194177627563477}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8993542194366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7693749666213989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6805849075317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.6283955574035645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.6103057861328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5893313884735107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5512807369232178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.5256710648536682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778045648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176827","display_name":"Markov random field","level":4,"score":0.47725507616996765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.46903976798057556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.4440300464630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4429776966571808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.44268378615379333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78397625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192487","display_name":"Discriminant","level":2,"score":0.4166927933692932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3747174143791199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.28040504455566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.17769142985343933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15194177627563477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2011.6049566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2011.6049566","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.lib.uts.edu.au:10453/119499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10453/119499","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401357","display_name":"UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","host_organization_name":"University of Technology Sydney","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1567885833","https://openalex.org/W1672197616","https://openalex.org/W1770825568","https://openalex.org/W2103845148","https://openalex.org/W2107966405","https://openalex.org/W2118527002","https://openalex.org/W2135346934","https://openalex.org/W2140934966","https://openalex.org/W6677398970","https://openalex.org/W6679986405","https://openalex.org/W6681132568"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350751952","https://openalex.org/W2362114017","https://openalex.org/W1999647744","https://openalex.org/W2794812819","https://openalex.org/W2114217318","https://openalex.org/W3147024994","https://openalex.org/W2587881214","https://openalex.org/W3104072235","https://openalex.org/W2063246903","https://openalex.org/W2374055396"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Feature":[0],"extraction":[1,19],"plays":[2],"an":[3],"essential":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,41,60,132,165],"Hyperspectral":[7],"image":[8,82],"classification.":[9,28],"Linear":[10],"discriminant":[11],"analysis":[12],"(LDA)":[13],"is":[14,38,57,85,107,122],"a":[15,159],"commonly":[16],"used":[17,123],"feature":[18],"(FE)":[20],"method":[21,156],"to":[22,89,97,124],"resolve":[23],"the":[24,34,44,47,51,54,61,70,76,91,99,110,113,126,133,143,148,154,166],"Hughes":[25,30],"phenomenon":[26,31],"for":[27,80],"The":[29,136],"(also":[32],"called":[33],"curse":[35],"of":[36,46,53,112,129],"dimensionality)":[37],"often":[39],"encountered":[40],"classification":[42,77,161],"when":[43],"dimensionality":[45],"space":[48],"grows":[49],"and":[50,118,147],"size":[52,64,169],"training":[55],"set":[56],"fixed,":[58],"especially":[59],"small":[62,167],"sampling":[63,168],"problem.":[65,170],"Recent":[66],"studies":[67],"show":[68,152],"that":[69,153],"spatial":[71,100,105,120],"information":[72,94,106,121],"can":[73,157],"greatly":[74],"improve":[75],"performance.":[78],"Hence,":[79],"hyperspectral":[81,134,141],"classification,":[83],"it":[84],"not":[86],"only":[87],"necessary":[88],"use":[90],"available":[92],"spectral":[93],"but":[95],"also":[96],"exploit":[98],"information.":[101],"In":[102],"this":[103,119],"paper,":[104],"acquired":[108],"by":[109],"concept":[111],"Markov":[114],"random":[115],"field":[116],"(MRF),":[117],"form":[125],"membership":[127],"values":[128],"every":[130],"pixel":[131],"image.":[135],"experimental":[137],"results":[138],"on":[139],"two":[140],"images,":[142],"Washington":[144],"DC":[145],"Mall":[146],"Indian":[149],"Pine":[150],"Site,":[151],"proposed":[155],"yield":[158],"better":[160],"performance":[162],"than":[163],"LDA":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
