{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2151353099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2011.6048899","title":"A reconfigurable stepped frequency GPR (GPR-R)","display_name":"A reconfigurable stepped frequency GPR (GPR-R)","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2151353099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2011.6048899","mag":"2151353099"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2011.6048899","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2011.6048899","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071673015","display_name":"F. Parrini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"F. Parrini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, University of Firenze, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, University of Firenze, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111568359","display_name":"Raffaele Persico","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096704","display_name":"Institute for Archaeological and Monumental Heritage","ror":"https://ror.org/00x5wpm25","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096704","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Persico","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto per i Beni Archeologici e Monumentali (IBAM-CNR), Lecce, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto per i Beni Archeologici e Monumentali (IBAM-CNR), Lecce, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085384922","display_name":"Massimiliano Pieraccini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3661-726X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Pieraccini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, University of Firenze, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, University of Firenze, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017015202","display_name":"Alessandro Spinetti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Spinetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, University of Firenze, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, University of Firenze, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007328336","display_name":"G. Macaluso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2219-8570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Macaluso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, University of Firenze, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, University of Firenze, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048993555","display_name":"Matteo Fratini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Fratini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, University of Firenze, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, University of Firenze, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065633547","display_name":"Devis Dei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7922-4477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Dei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, University of Firenze, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, University of Firenze, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035479993","display_name":"Guido Manacorda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139705","display_name":"Ingegneria dei Sistemi (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/03spsm219","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139705"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Manacorda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georadar Division, IDS-Ingegneria dei Sistemi S.p.A., Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georadar Division, IDS-Ingegneria dei Sistemi S.p.A., Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139705"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071673015"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6857,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90435261,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"67","last_page":"70"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.9420218467712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconfigurability","display_name":"Reconfigurability","score":0.8899414539337158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.710417628288269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.5293503403663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5171082019805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5067368149757385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.45235636830329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.4409344494342804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-radar","display_name":"3D radar","score":0.43220359086990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17381566762924194}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.9420218467712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780149590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7302742","display_name":"Reconfigurability","level":2,"score":0.8899414539337158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.710417628288269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.5293503403663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5171082019805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5067368149757385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.45235636830329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4409344494342804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81076408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229387","display_name":"3D radar","level":5,"score":0.43220359086990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17381566762924194}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2011.6048899","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2011.6048899","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:flore.unifi.it:2158/711726","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2158/711726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402033","display_name":"Florence Research (University of Florence)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","host_organization_name":"University of Florence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096741704","https://openalex.org/W2133979361","https://openalex.org/W2156787617","https://openalex.org/W2164935944"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2620680451","https://openalex.org/W2142793224","https://openalex.org/W2892233029","https://openalex.org/W2759710661","https://openalex.org/W1655692855","https://openalex.org/W604796468","https://openalex.org/W1976542631","https://openalex.org/W4285814362","https://openalex.org/W2534521659","https://openalex.org/W3185046528"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ground":[0],"Penetrating":[1],"Radars":[2],"are":[3],"a":[4,48,68,74],"unique":[5],"and":[6],"well":[7],"known":[8],"tool":[9],"for":[10],"soil":[11],"investigation.":[12],"In":[13],"order":[14],"to":[15,79],"improve":[16],"its":[17,21],"penetration":[18],"depth":[19],"and/or":[20],"resolution":[22],"limits,":[23],"in":[24,57],"the":[25,32,43,64,80,84],"past":[26],"several":[27],"radar":[28,53,82,85],"designs,":[29],"based":[30],"on":[31],"so":[33],"called":[34],"Continuous":[35],"Wave-Stepped":[36],"Frequency":[37],"technique":[38],"have":[39],"been":[40],"proposed.":[41],"However,":[42],"resulting":[44],"design":[45],"was":[46],"often":[47],"quite":[49],"complex":[50],"equipment.":[51],"The":[52],"system":[54],"prototype":[55],"proposed":[56],"this":[58],"paper,":[59],"while":[60],"exhibits":[61],"state":[62],"of":[63],"art":[65],"performances":[66],"with":[67],"contained":[69],"hardware":[70],"size,":[71],"it":[72],"explores":[73],"new":[75],"horizon":[76],"applicable":[77],"only":[78],"CW-SF":[81],"technique:":[83],"reconfigurability":[86],"(GPR-R).":[87]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
