{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2119773236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5418266","title":"A variational level-set method for unsupervised change detection in remote sensing images","display_name":"A variational level-set method for unsupervised change detection in remote sensing images","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2119773236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5418266","mag":"2119773236"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2009.5418266","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5418266","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054237841","display_name":"Yakoub Bazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9287-0596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199702508","display_name":"Al Jouf University","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsyt821","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yakoub Bazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Al Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jawf, Saudi Arabia","College of Engineering, Al Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Al Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jawf, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Al Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021389231","display_name":"Farid Melgani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9745-3732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farid Melgani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Technologies, University of Trento, Trento, Italy","Dept. of Information and Communication Technologies, University of Trento Via Sommarive, 14, I-38050, Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Technologies, University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information and Communication Technologies, University of Trento Via Sommarive, 14, I-38050, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054237841"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6067,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85873133,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"II","last_page":"984"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9693999886512756,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.917900025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.8052656054496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/level-set","display_name":"Level set (data structures)","score":0.6736302375793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piecewise","display_name":"Piecewise","score":0.6647218465805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.6431675553321838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6267198324203491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change-detection","display_name":"Change detection","score":0.6082241535186768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6050529479980469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5367373824119568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5366026759147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.4983031749725342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-functional","display_name":"Energy functional","score":0.4938286244869232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.47354763746261597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4674438238143921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.4648173451423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45967864990234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.44466084241867065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.43065235018730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/level-set-method","display_name":"Level set method","score":0.42701050639152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.414423406124115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2625659108161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10224995017051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07201492786407471}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.8052656054496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153008295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535093","display_name":"Level set (data structures)","level":2,"score":0.6736302375793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164660894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2037833","display_name":"Piecewise","level":2,"score":0.6647218465805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.6431675553321838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6267198324203491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.6082241535186768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6050529479980469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5367373824119568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5366026759147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.4983031749725342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191640071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5377056","display_name":"Energy functional","level":2,"score":0.4938286244869232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.47354763746261597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4674438238143921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.4648173451423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45967864990234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.44466084241867065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43065235018730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125269122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751397","display_name":"Level set method","level":4,"score":0.42701050639152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.414423406124115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2625659108161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10224995017051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07201492786407471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2009.5418266","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5418266","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/75606","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11572/75606","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401913","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322997","display_name":"King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05tdz6m39"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991113069","https://openalex.org/W2102265725","https://openalex.org/W2105556527","https://openalex.org/W2114487471","https://openalex.org/W2116040950","https://openalex.org/W2141548717"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2367921179","https://openalex.org/W2116690004","https://openalex.org/W2095049733","https://openalex.org/W2132363464","https://openalex.org/W2990145420","https://openalex.org/W2161232058","https://openalex.org/W2076397479","https://openalex.org/W2149135821","https://openalex.org/W2391867215","https://openalex.org/W1895946070"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,79],"this":[1,46],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,89],"propose":[4],"a":[5,91],"variational":[6],"level-set":[7,55,93],"method":[8,56],"for":[9],"unsupervised":[10],"change-detection":[11],"in":[12,23],"remote":[13,111,123],"sensing":[14,112,124],"images.":[15],"The":[16,43,104],"discrimination":[17],"between":[18],"changed":[19,74],"and":[20,75],"unchanged":[21,76],"classes":[22],"the":[24,36,65,83,86,97,127,131],"difference":[25,98],"image":[26,66,99],"is":[27,49],"achieved":[28],"by":[29,95,115],"defining":[30],"an":[31,53,60],"energy":[32,47],"functional":[33,48],"known":[34],"as":[35,117,119],"piecewise":[37],"constant":[38],"approximation":[39],"Mumford-Shah":[40],"segmentation":[41],"model.":[42],"minimization":[44],"of":[45,130],"realized":[50],"according":[51],"to":[52,58,81],"attractive":[54],"seeking":[57],"find":[59],"optimal":[61],"contour":[62],"which":[63],"splits":[64],"into":[67],"two":[68,109],"mutually":[69],"exclusive":[70],"regions":[71],"associated":[72],"with":[73],"classes,":[77],"respectively.":[78],"order":[80],"increase":[82],"robustness":[84],"against":[85],"initialization":[87],"issue,":[88],"adopt":[90],"multiresolution":[92],"approach":[94],"analyzing":[96],"at":[100],"different":[101],"resolution":[102],"levels.":[103],"experimental":[105],"results":[106],"obtained":[107],"on":[108],"multitemporal":[110],"images":[113],"acquired":[114],"low":[116],"well":[118],"very":[120],"high":[121],"spatial":[122],"sensors":[125],"confirm":[126],"promising":[128],"capabilities":[129],"proposed":[132],"approach.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
