{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2147468217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5418040","title":"Three-dimensional woody vegetation structure across different land-use types and -land-use intensities in a semi-arid savanna","display_name":"Three-dimensional woody vegetation structure across different land-use types and -land-use intensities in a semi-arid savanna","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2147468217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5418040","mag":"2147468217"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2009.5418040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5418040","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011367368","display_name":"Jolene T. Fisher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1626-7610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21360634","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05j00sr48","country_code":"ZA","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jolene Fisher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natural Resources in the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Science, University of the Witwatersrand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Resources in the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Science, University of the Witwatersrand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015550286","display_name":"Barend Erasmus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1869-8091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B.F.N. Erasmus","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Science, University of the Witwatersrand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Science, University of the Witwatersrand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039496740","display_name":"E.T.F. Witkowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5453-1390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ed Witkowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Science, University of the Witwatersrand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Science, University of the Witwatersrand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085740223","display_name":"Jan van Aardt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-0088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan van Aardt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Imaging Algorithms and Systems, Rochester Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Imaging Algorithms and Systems, Rochester Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035372982","display_name":"Gregory P. Asner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7893-6421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196817621","display_name":"Carnegie Institution for Science","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr01610","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196817621"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Greg Asner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Airborne Observatory, Carnegie Institution for Science"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Airborne Observatory, Carnegie Institution for Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196817621"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058532808","display_name":"Ty Kennedy-Bowdoin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196817621","display_name":"Carnegie Institution for Science","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr01610","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196817621"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ty Kennedy-Bowdoin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Airborne Observatory, Carnegie Institution for Science"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Airborne Observatory, Carnegie Institution for Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196817621"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068183827","display_name":"Dave Knapp","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196817621","display_name":"Carnegie Institution for Science","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr01610","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196817621"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dave Knapp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Airborne Observatory, Carnegie Institution for Science"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Airborne Observatory, Carnegie Institution for Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196817621"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085486002","display_name":"Renaud Mathieu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8520-7358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21360634","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05j00sr48","country_code":"ZA","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renaud Mathieu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natural Resources in the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","Natural Resources in the Environment, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Resources in the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Resources in the Environment, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073853368","display_name":"Konrad Wessels","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0979-8496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21360634","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05j00sr48","country_code":"ZA","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137126","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad6kn10","country_code":"GH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137126"]}],"countries":["GH","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konrad Wessels","raw_affiliation_strings":["Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Meraka Institute, South Africa","MERAKA. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Meraka Institute, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MERAKA. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137126"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011367368"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145","https://openalex.org/I21360634"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0842,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7981038,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"115","issue":null,"first_page":"II","last_page":"198"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10005","display_name":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rangeland","display_name":"Rangeland","score":0.8646340370178223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.7621136903762817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5928592681884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation-type","display_name":"Vegetation type","score":0.5354215502738953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arid","display_name":"Arid","score":0.5333502292633057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-reserve","display_name":"Game reserve","score":0.5309770703315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.5143016576766968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.4629752039909363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.41431719064712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agroforestry","display_name":"Agroforestry","score":0.40983814001083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3754497170448303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.34654563665390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.2765744924545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grassland","display_name":"Grassland","score":0.14172151684761047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wildlife","display_name":"Wildlife","score":0.12472805380821228}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130989795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3364870","display_name":"Rangeland","level":2,"score":0.8646340370178223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.7621136903762817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5928592681884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778898053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18648871","display_name":"Vegetation type","level":3,"score":0.5354215502738953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150772632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330709","display_name":"Arid","level":2,"score":0.5333502292633057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141605663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1714375","display_name":"Game reserve","level":3,"score":0.5309770703315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.5143016576766968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.4629752039909363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.41431719064712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.40983814001083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3754497170448303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.34654563665390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.2765744924545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775835988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006733","display_name":"Grassland","level":2,"score":0.14172151684761047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29376679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241741","display_name":"Wildlife","level":2,"score":0.12472805380821228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2009.5418040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5418040","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.658.5655","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.658.5655","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://researchspace.csir.co.za/dspace/bitstream/10204/4045/1/Fisher_2009.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306146","display_name":"Andrew W. Mellon Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsh2530"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306159","display_name":"W. M. Keck Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/000dswa46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316765","display_name":"Carnegie Institution for Science","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335805","display_name":"South African National Parks","ror":"https://ror.org/037adk771"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W132074229","https://openalex.org/W1480092759","https://openalex.org/W1496932168","https://openalex.org/W1973677099","https://openalex.org/W1975209076","https://openalex.org/W1978863310","https://openalex.org/W2049996972","https://openalex.org/W2125498614","https://openalex.org/W2136283683","https://openalex.org/W2143132877","https://openalex.org/W2150323981","https://openalex.org/W2314542390","https://openalex.org/W2963154004","https://openalex.org/W6605455094"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W134182247","https://openalex.org/W3033751289","https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2077489539","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W2139353228","https://openalex.org/W4253324350","https://openalex.org/W2089097942","https://openalex.org/W2147468217"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Factors":[0],"influencing":[1],"woody":[2],"savanna":[3],"vegetation":[4,53,75],"structure":[5,54,94],"across":[6,55,86],"a":[7],"land-use":[8,88],"gradient":[9],"of":[10,71,124],"intensity":[11,91],"(highly":[12],"and":[13,18,26,90,108,140],"lightly":[14,105],"utilized":[15,106,119],"communal":[16,27],"rangeland)":[17],"type":[19,89],"(national":[20],"protected":[21,98],"area,":[22],"private":[23,110],"game":[24,111],"reserve":[25,112],"rangelands)":[28],"were":[29,48],"investigated.":[30],"Small-footprint":[31],"discrete":[32],"return":[33],"LiDAR":[34,72],"data":[35],"(1.12":[36],"m":[37],"point":[38],"spacing)":[39],"from":[40],"the":[41,56,68,87,96,104,109,117],"Carnegie":[42],"Airborne":[43],"Observatory":[44],"(CAO)":[45],"`Alpha":[46],"system'":[47],"used":[49,65],"to":[50,66,103,116,136],"measure":[51],"three-dimensional":[52],"different":[57],"treatments.":[58],"A":[59],"volumetric":[60],"pixel":[61],"(voxel)":[62],"approach":[63],"was":[64,100,113],"characterise":[67],"vertical":[69],"distribution":[70],"returns,":[73],"i.e.,":[74],"density,":[76],"in":[77,95,130],"one":[78],"metre":[79],"increments":[80],"for":[81],"comparison":[82],"using":[83],"descriptive":[84],"statistics":[85],"gradient.":[92],"Vegetation":[93],"national":[97],"area":[99],"most":[101,114],"similar":[102,115],"rangelands,":[107],"highly":[118],"rangelands":[120],"with":[121],"low":[122],"levels":[123],"structural":[125,131],"diversity":[126,132],"present.":[127],"Current":[128],"trends":[129],"can":[133],"be":[134],"related":[135],"harvesting,":[137],"regeneration,":[138],"herbivory":[139],"fire.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
