{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2151750892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5417939","title":"K-way tree classification based on semi-greedy structure applied to multisource remote sensing images","display_name":"K-way tree classification based on semi-greedy structure applied to multisource remote sensing images","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2151750892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5417939","mag":"2151750892"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2009.5417939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5417939","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021355026","display_name":"Yang-Lang Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5834-1057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang-Lang Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100325708","display_name":"Zhiming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8771-4051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi-Ming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113792543","display_name":"Jyh-Perng Fang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jyh-Perng Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110172544","display_name":"Wei-Lieh Hsu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Lieh Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101041207","display_name":"Wen-Yew Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Yew Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016823313","display_name":"Tung-Ju Hsieh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8095-4837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50519452","display_name":"Lunghwa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/001y2wd07","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50519452"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tung-Ju Hsieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Information and Network Engineering, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Taouan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Information and Network Engineering, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Taouan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50519452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107699113","display_name":"Hsuan Ren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22265921","display_name":"National Central University","ror":"https://ror.org/00944ve71","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsuan Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109400962","display_name":"Kun\u2010Shan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-9861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22265921","display_name":"National Central University","ror":"https://ror.org/00944ve71","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun-Shan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21492577,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"III","last_page":"979"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperplane","display_name":"Hyperplane","score":0.6516430377960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5699583292007446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5407393574714661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5127331018447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centroid","display_name":"Centroid","score":0.4945492446422577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4755646586418152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47310662269592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-subspace","display_name":"Linear subspace","score":0.44053930044174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.321405291557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.3041214048862457}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68693459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657586","display_name":"Hyperplane","level":2,"score":0.6516430377960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5699583292007446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5407393574714661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5127331018447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146599234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q511093","display_name":"Centroid","level":2,"score":0.4945492446422577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4755646586418152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47310662269592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12362212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728435","display_name":"Linear subspace","level":2,"score":0.44053930044174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.321405291557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.3041214048862457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2009.5417939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5417939","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991011355","https://openalex.org/W2113695766","https://openalex.org/W2132685580","https://openalex.org/W2133308164","https://openalex.org/W2135385464","https://openalex.org/W2136190472","https://openalex.org/W2158289097","https://openalex.org/W2164296623"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2369655046","https://openalex.org/W2019467317","https://openalex.org/W1585519779","https://openalex.org/W1965515989","https://openalex.org/W4376167435","https://openalex.org/W2088737283","https://openalex.org/W1980053512","https://openalex.org/W2810505070","https://openalex.org/W115238348","https://openalex.org/W2151191523"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,107],"paper":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"a":[5,98,143,153,165,174,222],"new":[6,227],"supervised":[7],"classification":[8,21,41,47,66,261,289],"method,":[9],"referred":[10],"to":[11,45,55,125,179,201,235,248],"as":[12,61,133,162,164,221],"the":[13,20,65,73,85,95,111,114,126,134,168,180,184,191,202,205,226,266,291],"k-way":[14,144],"tree":[15,145],"semi-greedy":[16,119,130],"(KTSG)":[17],"classifier,":[18],"for":[19,224,286],"of":[22,52,68,75,88,97,101,116,128,152,155,171,173,183,204,209,245,260,265],"multisource":[23],"remote":[24],"sensing":[25],"images.":[26],"The":[27,103,212,263],"generalized":[28],"positive":[29,57,89,157,241],"Boolean":[30],"function":[31],"(GPBF)":[32],"classifier":[33],"scheme":[34,112,121,136],"is":[35,70,79,140,150,269],"recently":[36],"proposed":[37,104,267],"based":[38,118],"on":[39],"minimum":[40],"error":[42],"(MCE)":[43],"criteria":[44,54],"improve":[46],"performance.":[48],"It":[49,139,188],"makes":[50],"use":[51,96],"MCE":[53],"apply":[56],"and":[58,90,158,230,242,255,279],"negative":[59,91,159,243],"samples":[60,92,161,178,208,244],"training":[62,82],"parameters.":[63],"Unfortunately,":[64],"performance":[67],"GPBF":[69,254],"limited":[71],"when":[72],"number":[74,100,172,182],"classes":[76,217,247],"increases.":[77],"This":[78],"occurred":[80],"in":[81,123,137,146,258],"phase":[83],"by":[84,94,109,142,271],"unbalanced":[86],"numbers":[87],"caused":[93],"large":[99],"classes.":[102,187,211],"KTSG":[105,249,252,268],"overcomes":[106],"drawback":[108],"modifying":[110],"from":[113],"perception":[115],"pattern-node":[117],"(bottom-up":[120],"used":[122],"GPBF)":[124],"conception":[127],"region-based":[129],"(also":[131],"known":[132],"top-down":[135],"KTSG).":[138],"organized":[141],"which":[147,232,236],"every":[148],"node":[149],"composed":[151],"set":[154],"k-dimensional":[156],"labeled":[160,206],"represented":[163],"percentage,":[166],"i.e.":[167],"corresponding":[169],"ratio":[170],"specific":[175],"(positive)":[176],"class":[177],"total":[181],"other":[185],"(negative)":[186],"iteratively":[189],"divides":[190],"d-dimensional":[192],"hyperplane":[193],"into":[194],"2":[195],"<sup":[196],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[197],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">d</sup>":[198],"subspaces":[199],"according":[200],"centroids":[203],"(training)":[207],"all":[210],"statistical":[213],"ratios":[214],"between":[215],"different":[216,246],"are":[218],"then":[219],"compared":[220],"basis":[223],"stopping":[225],"subspace":[228,233],"separation":[229],"identifying":[231],"belongs":[234],"class.":[237],"By":[238],"delivering":[239],"both":[240],"learning":[250],"modules,":[251],"outperforms":[253],"traditional":[256],"classifiers":[257],"terms":[259],"accuracies.":[262],"effectiveness":[264],"evaluated":[270],"fusing":[272],"MODIS/ASTER":[273],"airborne":[274,280],"simulator":[275],"(MASTER)":[276],"hyperspectral":[277],"images":[278,285],"synthetic":[281],"aperture":[282],"radar":[283],"(AIRSAR)":[284],"land":[287],"cover":[288],"during":[290],"Pacrim":[292],"II":[293],"campaign.":[294]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}