{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1984285100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5417667","title":"SWIM: A state of the art multi-incidence beams Ku-band waves scatterometer to go beyond current radar systems","display_name":"SWIM: A state of the art multi-incidence beams Ku-band waves scatterometer to go beyond current radar systems","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1984285100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5417667","mag":"1984285100"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2009.5417667","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5417667","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025692155","display_name":"Vivien Enjolras","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1300590480","display_name":"Leonardo (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/041twcm28","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1300590480","https://openalex.org/I2802798279"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140930","display_name":"Thales (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/04emwm605","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400009052","display_name":"Thales Alenia Space (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gz77z03","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802798279","https://openalex.org/I4210140930","https://openalex.org/I4400009052"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vivien Enjolras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thales Alenia Space, Toulouse, France","Thales Alenia Space, 26 avenue Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Champollion - BP 33787, 31037 Toulouse Cedex 1, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space, Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140930","https://openalex.org/I4400009052"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space, 26 avenue Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Champollion - BP 33787, 31037 Toulouse Cedex 1, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300590480","https://openalex.org/I4400009052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036671439","display_name":"L. Rey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1300590480","display_name":"Leonardo (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/041twcm28","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1300590480","https://openalex.org/I2802798279"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140930","display_name":"Thales (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/04emwm605","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400009052","display_name":"Thales Alenia Space (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gz77z03","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802798279","https://openalex.org/I4210140930","https://openalex.org/I4400009052"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurent Rey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thales Alenia Space, Toulouse, France","Thales Alenia Space, 26 avenue Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Champollion - BP 33787, 31037 Toulouse Cedex 1, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space, Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140930","https://openalex.org/I4400009052"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space, 26 avenue Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Champollion - BP 33787, 31037 Toulouse Cedex 1, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300590480","https://openalex.org/I4400009052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042611419","display_name":"Lionel Cros","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1300590480","display_name":"Leonardo (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/041twcm28","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1300590480","https://openalex.org/I2802798279"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140930","display_name":"Thales (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/04emwm605","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400009052","display_name":"Thales Alenia Space (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gz77z03","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802798279","https://openalex.org/I4210140930","https://openalex.org/I4400009052"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lionel Cros","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thales Alenia Space, Toulouse, France","Thales Alenia Space, 26 avenue Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Champollion - BP 33787, 31037 Toulouse Cedex 1, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space, Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140930","https://openalex.org/I4400009052"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space, 26 avenue Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Champollion - BP 33787, 31037 Toulouse Cedex 1, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300590480","https://openalex.org/I4400009052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076538970","display_name":"S. Pouyez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1300590480","display_name":"Leonardo (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/041twcm28","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1300590480","https://openalex.org/I2802798279"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140930","display_name":"Thales (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/04emwm605","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400009052","display_name":"Thales Alenia Space (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gz77z03","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802798279","https://openalex.org/I4210140930","https://openalex.org/I4400009052"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephane Pouyez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thales Alenia Space, Toulouse, France","Thales Alenia Space, 26 avenue Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Champollion - BP 33787, 31037 Toulouse Cedex 1, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space, Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140930","https://openalex.org/I4400009052"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space, 26 avenue Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Champollion - BP 33787, 31037 Toulouse Cedex 1, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300590480","https://openalex.org/I4400009052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041403783","display_name":"T. Amiot","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799535048","display_name":"Centre National d'\u00c9tudes Spatiales","ror":"https://ror.org/04h1h0y33","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799535048"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thierry Amiot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Toulouse, France","Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, CNES, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799535048"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, CNES, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799535048"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052469423","display_name":"C. Tison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1677-5375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799535048","display_name":"Centre National d'\u00c9tudes Spatiales","ror":"https://ror.org/04h1h0y33","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799535048"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Celine Tison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Toulouse, France","Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, CNES, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799535048"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, CNES, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799535048"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039736998","display_name":"P. Castillan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799535048","display_name":"Centre National d'\u00c9tudes Spatiales","ror":"https://ror.org/04h1h0y33","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799535048"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Castillan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Toulouse, France","Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, CNES, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799535048"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, CNES, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799535048"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025692155"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300590480","https://openalex.org/I4210140930","https://openalex.org/I4400009052"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8851,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74990692,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"V","last_page":"316"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scatterometer","display_name":"Scatterometer","score":0.7692817449569702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.6807100772857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nadir","display_name":"Nadir","score":0.6802670359611511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6236302852630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5816532969474792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ku-band","display_name":"Ku band","score":0.4868163764476776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4601813554763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-altimeter","display_name":"Radar altimeter","score":0.45370975136756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-state","display_name":"Sea state","score":0.4371926486492157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4307669401168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.42281997203826904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altimeter","display_name":"Altimeter","score":0.3236648440361023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2173577845096588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.21699365973472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21670696139335632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.19245991110801697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15250727534294128}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776212561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905295","display_name":"Scatterometer","level":3,"score":0.7692817449569702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.6807100772857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88575799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145825","display_name":"Nadir","level":3,"score":0.6802670359611511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6236302852630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5816532969474792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779383134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q306639","display_name":"Ku band","level":2,"score":0.4868163764476776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4601813554763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1104030","display_name":"Radar altimeter","level":3,"score":0.45370975136756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781147146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569795","display_name":"Sea state","level":2,"score":0.4371926486492157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4307669401168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.42281997203826904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17534553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216197","display_name":"Altimeter","level":2,"score":0.3236648440361023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2173577845096588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.21699365973472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21670696139335632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.19245991110801697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15250727534294128}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2009.5417667","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5417667","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971992917","https://openalex.org/W2041862414","https://openalex.org/W2103590858","https://openalex.org/W2176679922","https://openalex.org/W6675316636"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516618334","https://openalex.org/W2151812723","https://openalex.org/W2361751259","https://openalex.org/W4387803566","https://openalex.org/W2546488237","https://openalex.org/W2101478640","https://openalex.org/W2142106628","https://openalex.org/W2117013136","https://openalex.org/W1932401576","https://openalex.org/W1843099842"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,140,156],"instrument":[1,124],"SWIM":[2,28],"(Surface":[3],"Waves":[4],"Investigation":[5],"and":[6,48,76,90,100,127,137,143,172],"Monitoring)":[7],"on":[8,57,116,135,187],"the":[9,20,30,41,78,96,117,144,163,166,173],"CFOSAT":[10],"program":[11],"(Chinese":[12],"French":[13],"Oceanographic":[14],"Satellite)":[15],"is":[16,29,37],"a":[17,58,85,91,104,202],"state":[18],"of":[19,43,95,107,146,158,165,170],"art":[21],"radar":[22,34],"for":[23],"several":[24],"reasons.":[25],"At":[26],"first,":[27],"first":[31],"ever":[32],"space":[33],"concept":[35],"that":[36,206],"mainly":[38],"dedicated":[39],"to":[40,73,121,151,180,200],"measurement":[42],"ocean":[44],"waves":[45],"directional":[46],"spectra":[47],"surface":[49],"wind":[50],"velocities":[51],"through":[52],"multi-azimuth":[53,194],"multi-incidence":[54,195],"observations.":[55],"Orbiting":[56],"500":[59],"km":[60,87],"sun-synchronous":[61],"orbit,":[62],"its":[63],"multiple":[64],"Ku-band":[65],"(13,":[66],"575":[67],"GHz)":[68],"beams":[69],"illuminating":[70],"from":[71],"nadir":[72],"10\u00b0":[74],"incidence":[75],"scanning":[77],"whole":[79],"azimuth":[80],"angles":[81],"(0-360\u00b0)":[82],"provide":[83],"with":[84],"180":[86],"wide":[88,105],"swath":[89],"quasi":[92],"global":[93,141],"coverage":[94,142],"world":[97],"between":[98],"-80":[99],"80\u00b0.":[101],"Secondly,":[102],"such":[103],"range":[106,111,154,185],"observations":[108,196],"requiring":[109],"high":[110,215],"resolution":[112],"(about":[113],"20":[114],"m":[115],"ground)":[118],"have":[119,149,178,198],"led":[120,179,199],"design":[122,201],"an":[123],"whose":[125],"architecture":[126],"technology":[128],"goes":[129],"beyond":[130],"what":[131],"has":[132],"been":[133],"done":[134],"altimeter":[136],"scatterometer":[138],"systems.":[139],"reduction":[145],"telemetry":[147],"budgets":[148],"required":[150,174],"perform":[152],"onboard":[153,182],"compression.":[155],"variety":[157],"signals":[159,218],"at":[160,208],"different":[161],"incidences,":[162],"impact":[164],"complex":[167,203],"moving":[168],"geometry":[169],"observation":[171],"real-time":[175],"signal":[176],"processing":[177],"propose":[181],"complete":[183],"digital":[184],"compression":[186],"backscattered":[188],"320":[189],"MHz":[190],"bandwidth":[191],"signals.":[192],"Finally,":[193],"requirements":[197],"antenna":[204],"subsystem":[205],"rotates":[207],"6":[209],"rounds":[210],"per":[211],"minute":[212],"while":[213],"transmitting":[214],"power":[216],"RF":[217],"towards":[219],"tunable":[220],"directions.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-26T15:22:09.906841","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}