{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2108122529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5417362","title":"Completely automatic classification of satellite multi-spectral imagery for the production of land cover maps","display_name":"Completely automatic classification of satellite multi-spectral imagery for the production of land cover maps","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2108122529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5417362","mag":"2108122529"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2009.5417362","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5417362","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078994593","display_name":"Giorgio Licciardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4259-919X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","display_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","ror":"https://ror.org/02p77k626","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giorgio Licciardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["TeoLab-Dipartimento di Informatica Sistemi e Produzione (DISP, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy","TeoLab - Dipartimento di Informatica, Sistemi e Produzione (DISP) Tor Vergata University, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TeoLab-Dipartimento di Informatica Sistemi e Produzione (DISP, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TeoLab - Dipartimento di Informatica, Sistemi e Produzione (DISP) Tor Vergata University, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057793948","display_name":"Chiara Pratola","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","display_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","ror":"https://ror.org/02p77k626","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiara Pratola","raw_affiliation_strings":["TeoLab-Dipartimento di Informatica Sistemi e Produzione (DISP, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy","TeoLab - Dipartimento di Informatica, Sistemi e Produzione (DISP) Tor Vergata University, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TeoLab-Dipartimento di Informatica Sistemi e Produzione (DISP, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TeoLab - Dipartimento di Informatica, Sistemi e Produzione (DISP) Tor Vergata University, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024242637","display_name":"Fabio Del Frate","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1655-0643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","display_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","ror":"https://ror.org/02p77k626","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Del Frate","raw_affiliation_strings":["TeoLab-Dipartimento di Informatica Sistemi e Produzione (DISP, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy","TeoLab - Dipartimento di Informatica, Sistemi e Produzione (DISP) Tor Vergata University, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TeoLab-Dipartimento di Informatica Sistemi e Produzione (DISP, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TeoLab - Dipartimento di Informatica, Sistemi e Produzione (DISP) Tor Vergata University, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"ge 22","issue":null,"first_page":"IV","last_page":"109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.7505635023117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6670968532562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upgrade","display_name":"Upgrade","score":0.6175491213798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5523784160614014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-imagery","display_name":"Satellite imagery","score":0.5500277280807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5418568253517151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","score":0.5403177738189697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.509486973285675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.49759939312934875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4964964985847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4805889129638672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.45390498638153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.32537317276000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.25812673568725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.17291390895843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09233748912811279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0808209776878357}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.7505635023117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6670968532562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q920419","display_name":"Upgrade","level":2,"score":0.6175491213798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5523784160614014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.5500277280807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5418568253517151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5403177738189697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.509486973285675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.49759939312934875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4964964985847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4805889129638672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.45390498638153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.32537317276000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25812673568725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.17291390895843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09233748912811279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0808209776878357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2009.5417362","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5417362","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:art.torvergata.it:2108/100371","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5417362&refinements%3D4292423120%2C4274855203%2C4273419000%2C4274050869%26ranges%3D2009_2009_p_Publication_Year%26queryText%3DInternational+Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400993","display_name":"Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","host_organization_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973135707","https://openalex.org/W2000648382","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2114350231","https://openalex.org/W2127970545","https://openalex.org/W2168807180","https://openalex.org/W4298096392"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3133615129","https://openalex.org/W2087854757","https://openalex.org/W2188959887","https://openalex.org/W2373152553","https://openalex.org/W4389201442","https://openalex.org/W2386169820","https://openalex.org/W604251607","https://openalex.org/W3170595163","https://openalex.org/W2043913960","https://openalex.org/W3129683637"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,107],"increasing":[1],"number":[2],"of":[3,24,29,43,58,61,77,90,103,116],"satellite":[4],"missions":[5],"providing":[6],"more":[7,9],"and":[8,15,71],"data":[10],"for":[11,26,53,87],"updating":[12],"land":[13,16,59,100],"cover":[14,101],"use":[17],"maps":[18],"requires":[19],"to":[20,38],"upgrade":[21],"the":[22,27,40,54,75,82,88,98,104],"level":[23],"automatism":[25],"processing":[28,108],"remotely":[30],"sensed":[31],"imagery.":[32],"In":[33],"this":[34],"paper":[35],"we":[36],"try":[37],"pursue":[39],"ambitious":[41],"goal":[42],"designing":[44],"a":[45,62,91,114],"completely":[46],"automatic":[47],"(no":[48],"human":[49],"interaction)":[50],"supervised":[51],"scheme":[52,109],"classification,":[55],"in":[56,81],"terms":[57],"cover,":[60],"multi-spectral":[63],"image.":[64,83,106],"An":[65],"expert":[66],"system,":[67],"using":[68],"appropriate":[69],"spectral":[70],"textural":[72],"features,":[73],"drives":[74],"selection":[76],"suitable":[78],"training":[79],"pixels":[80],"These":[84],"are":[85],"used":[86],"learning":[89],"neural":[92],"network":[93],"algorithm":[94],"that":[95],"successively":[96],"performs":[97],"pixel-based":[99],"classification":[102],"whole":[105],"has":[110],"been":[111],"tested":[112],"on":[113,120],"set":[115],"Landsat":[117],"images":[118],"taken":[119],"different":[121],"European":[122],"urban":[123],"areas.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}