{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2137392417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5417328","title":"The quest for automated land cover change detection using satellite time series data","display_name":"The quest for automated land cover change detection using satellite time series data","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2137392417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5417328","mag":"2137392417"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2009.5417328","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5417328","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014524509","display_name":"B.P. Salmon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5722-3414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21360634","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05j00sr48","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. P. Salmon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of pretoria, South Africa","Remote Sensing Research, Meraka Institute, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Research, Meraka Institute, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102816133","display_name":"J.C. Olivier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7703-6357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21360634","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05j00sr48","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. C. Olivier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Defense, Peace, Safety and, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa","Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defense, Peace, Safety and, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031004986","display_name":"W. Kleynhans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7046-7023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21360634","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05j00sr48","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Kleynhans","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of pretoria, South Africa","Remote Sensing Research, Meraka Institute, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Research, Meraka Institute, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073853368","display_name":"Konrad Wessels","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0979-8496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21360634","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05j00sr48","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. J. Wessels","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing Research, Meraka Institute, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Research, Meraka Institute, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047714792","display_name":"F. van den Bergh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4935-514X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21360634","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05j00sr48","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. van den Bergh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing Research, Meraka Institute, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Research, Meraka Institute, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.8918,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98535234,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"IV","last_page":"244"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.7042564749717712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6664654016494751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sliding-window-protocol","display_name":"Sliding window protocol","score":0.651362419128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change-detection","display_name":"Change detection","score":0.6510095596313477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5981093049049377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderate-resolution-imaging-spectroradiometer","display_name":"Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer","score":0.5616329908370972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5115488767623901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.4772750735282898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.4636467695236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.4494282603263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-fourier-transform","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","score":0.4418167173862457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3563773036003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/window","display_name":"Window (computing)","score":0.3460559844970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29579871892929077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2183762490749359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.1979057788848877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1448238492012024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.11228838562965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09623637795448303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.08366650342941284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.7042564749717712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6664654016494751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102392041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q592860","display_name":"Sliding window protocol","level":3,"score":0.651362419128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.6510095596313477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5981093049049377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777007095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676840","display_name":"Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer","level":3,"score":0.5616329908370972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5115488767623901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.4772750735282898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.4636467695236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.4494282603263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75172450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623950","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.4418167173862457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3563773036003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778751112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835016","display_name":"Window (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3460559844970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29579871892929077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2183762490749359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.1979057788848877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1448238492012024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.11228838562965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09623637795448303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.08366650342941284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2009.5417328","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5417328","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ecite.utas.edu.au:84574","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ecite.utas.edu.au/84574","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401569","display_name":"eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I129801699","host_organization_name":"University of Tasmania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Refereed Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1766888123","https://openalex.org/W2025357764","https://openalex.org/W2044503966","https://openalex.org/W2046866337","https://openalex.org/W2079693950","https://openalex.org/W2081562328","https://openalex.org/W2086519645","https://openalex.org/W2100335098","https://openalex.org/W2148842444","https://openalex.org/W2153820558","https://openalex.org/W2478884216","https://openalex.org/W3146166473","https://openalex.org/W4241115065"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3207046288","https://openalex.org/W3023446922","https://openalex.org/W4324030030","https://openalex.org/W1980260791","https://openalex.org/W4385533602","https://openalex.org/W3183766399","https://openalex.org/W4398198197","https://openalex.org/W2736619525","https://openalex.org/W3088035158","https://openalex.org/W4352982014"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"shows":[2],"that":[3,32,54,96],"a":[4,11,56,111],"feedforward":[5],"Multilayer":[6],"Perceptron":[7],"(MLP)":[8],"operating":[9],"over":[10],"temporal":[12,72],"sliding":[13,73],"window":[14,74,114],"of":[15,44,70,86,100,115,127],"multi-spectral":[16],"time":[17,38],"series":[18,39],"MODerate-resolution":[19],"Imaging":[20],"Spectroradiometer":[21],"(MODIS)":[22],"satellite":[23],"data":[24,129],"is":[25,55,94],"able":[26],"to":[27,41,132],"detect":[28,133],"land":[29,45,102,106],"cover":[30,103,107],"change":[31,83,108,134],"was":[33,91,109,130],"artificially":[34],"introduced":[35],"by":[36],"concatenating":[37],"belonging":[40],"different":[42],"types":[43],"cover.":[46],"The":[47],"method":[48],"employs":[49],"an":[50,81],"iteratively":[51],"retrained":[52],"MLP":[53],"supervised":[57],"method,":[58],"and":[59,89],"thus":[60],"captures":[61],"all":[62],"local":[63],"environmental":[64],"patterns.":[65],"Depending":[66],"on":[67],"the":[68,71,77,122],"length":[69],"used":[75],"in":[76],"short-term":[78,112],"Fourier":[79],"transform,":[80],"overall":[82],"detection":[84],"accuracy":[85],"between":[87],"87.62%":[88],"97.02%":[90],"achieved.":[92],"It":[93],"shown":[95],"for":[97],"this":[98],"type":[99],"simulated":[101],"change,":[104],"where":[105],"abrupt,":[110],"FFT":[113],"18":[116],"months":[117],"or":[118],"less,":[119],"using":[120],"only":[121],"two":[123],"NDVI":[124],"spectral":[125],"bands":[126],"MODIS":[128],"sufficient":[131],"reliably.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}