{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2114787319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5416887","title":"Electromagnetic wave scattering from ocean surface at low grazing angles","display_name":"Electromagnetic wave scattering from ocean surface at low grazing angles","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2114787319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5416887","mag":"2114787319"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2009.5416887","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5416887","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110153894","display_name":"Naheed Sajjad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148559","display_name":"\u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure de techniques avanc\u00e9es Bretagne","ror":"https://ror.org/059n54003","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201181511","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210148559"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naheed Sajjad","raw_affiliation_strings":["ENSIETA/E I Laboratory, Brest, France","ENSIETA/E I -Laboratory, 2 rue Francois Verny, 29806 Brest Cedex 09, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENSIETA/E I Laboratory, Brest, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148559"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENSIETA/E I -Laboratory, 2 rue Francois Verny, 29806 Brest Cedex 09, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148559"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081231257","display_name":"Ali Khenchaf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8791-0768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148559","display_name":"\u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure de techniques avanc\u00e9es Bretagne","ror":"https://ror.org/059n54003","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201181511","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210148559"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Khenchaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["ENSIETA/E I Laboratory, Brest, France","ENSIETA/E I -Laboratory, 2 rue Francois Verny, 29806 Brest Cedex 09, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENSIETA/E I Laboratory, Brest, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148559"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENSIETA/E I -Laboratory, 2 rue Francois Verny, 29806 Brest Cedex 09, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148559"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047572463","display_name":"Arnaud Coatanhay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0101-3105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148559","display_name":"\u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure de techniques avanc\u00e9es Bretagne","ror":"https://ror.org/059n54003","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201181511","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210148559"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arnaud Coatanhay","raw_affiliation_strings":["ENSIETA/E I Laboratory, Brest, France","ENSIETA/E I -Laboratory, 2 rue Francois Verny, 29806 Brest Cedex 09, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENSIETA/E I Laboratory, Brest, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148559"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENSIETA/E I -Laboratory, 2 rue Francois Verny, 29806 Brest Cedex 09, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148559"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148559"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"e83","issue":null,"first_page":"I","last_page":"196"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.6479783654212952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-wave","display_name":"Surface wave","score":0.624512255191803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.5211731791496277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-wave","display_name":"Wind wave","score":0.48450347781181335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-radiation","display_name":"Electromagnetic radiation","score":0.44694942235946655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grazing","display_name":"Grazing","score":0.4274928867816925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.42580318450927734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.36392742395401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3136318325996399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.12396833300590515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.09507963061332703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0713072121143341}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.6479783654212952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84174578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889796","display_name":"Surface wave","level":2,"score":0.624512255191803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5211731791496277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165082838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165848","display_name":"Wind wave","level":2,"score":0.48450347781181335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149773537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12969754","display_name":"Electromagnetic radiation","level":2,"score":0.44694942235946655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3239189","display_name":"Grazing","level":2,"score":0.4274928867816925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.42580318450927734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.36392742395401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3136318325996399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.12396833300590515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.09507963061332703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0713072121143341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2009.5416887","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5416887","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W139111389","https://openalex.org/W1679669278","https://openalex.org/W1996869837","https://openalex.org/W2020240711","https://openalex.org/W2066758575","https://openalex.org/W2080337061","https://openalex.org/W2082341739","https://openalex.org/W2092055157","https://openalex.org/W2100807107","https://openalex.org/W2156239334","https://openalex.org/W2163098212","https://openalex.org/W2478698305"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2960795033","https://openalex.org/W3126282631","https://openalex.org/W1978676894","https://openalex.org/W2165556363","https://openalex.org/W1964015448","https://openalex.org/W2140195781","https://openalex.org/W1966113723","https://openalex.org/W2054388225","https://openalex.org/W2367203849","https://openalex.org/W2380205360"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bragg":[0],"scattering":[1,52,143],"is":[2,91],"widely":[3],"recognized":[4],"as":[5],"the":[6,15,28,32,47,55,98,115,120,136,141,149],"dominant":[7],"mechanism":[8],"at":[9,58,70,123,129],"moderate":[10],"incident":[11],"angles,":[12],"by":[13,43],"which":[14],"ocean":[16],"surface":[17,34],"backscatters":[18],"microwave":[19],"radiation.":[20],"In":[21,110],"this":[22],"paper":[23],"we":[24,134],"have":[25],"shown":[26],"that":[27,93],"validity":[29],"domain":[30],"of":[31,49,84,100,114],"Bragg/composite":[33],"theory":[35],"can":[36],"be":[37],"extended":[38],"to":[39,107,139],"low":[40,71],"grazing":[41,72],"angles":[42,73],"taking":[44],"into":[45,54],"account":[46],"contribution":[48],"second":[50],"order":[51,57],"effects":[53],"first":[56],"small":[59],"scale.":[60],"An":[61],"improved":[62,137],"two":[63],"scale":[64],"model":[65,116],"(TSM)":[66],"has":[67],"been":[68],"investigated":[69],"for":[74,94],"(radar":[75],"frequencies)":[76],"L-,":[77],"C-":[78],"and":[79,87,147],"Ku-band":[80],"with":[81,119,151],"wind":[82,96,131],"speeds":[83,97],"7":[85],"m/s":[86],"15":[88],"m/s.":[89],"It":[90],"observed":[92],"higher":[95,130],"intensity":[99],"\u00bf":[101],"<sub":[102],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[103],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">HH</sub>":[104],"increases":[105],"up":[106],"8":[108],"dB.":[109],"backscattering":[111],"configuration":[112,146],"predictions":[113],"are":[117],"compared":[118],"experimental":[121],"data":[122],"Ku-band.":[124],"Comparison":[125],"shows":[126],"good":[127],"agreement":[128],"speeds.":[132],"Finally,":[133],"use":[135],"TSM":[138],"predict":[140],"sea":[142],"in":[144],"bistatic":[145],"compare":[148],"results":[150],"classical":[152],"TSM.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
