{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103590858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2008.4780071","title":"SWIM: A Multi-Incidence Beams Ku-band Real Aperture Radar for the Observation of the Ocean Wave Field Spectra","display_name":"SWIM: A Multi-Incidence Beams Ku-band Real Aperture Radar for the Observation of the Ocean Wave Field Spectra","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103590858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2008.4780071","mag":"2103590858"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2008.4780071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2008.4780071","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025692155","display_name":"Vivien Enjolras","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140930","display_name":"Thales (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/04emwm605","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vivien Enjolras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thales Alenia Space, BP, Toulouse Cedex 1, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space, BP, Toulouse Cedex 1, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039654054","display_name":"E. Caubet","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140930","display_name":"Thales (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/04emwm605","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Caubet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thales Alenia Space, BP, Toulouse Cedex 1, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space, BP, Toulouse Cedex 1, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080287523","display_name":"Jacques Richard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1358-2025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140930","display_name":"Thales (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/04emwm605","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacques Richard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thales Alenia Space, BP, Toulouse Cedex 1, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space, BP, Toulouse Cedex 1, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059257504","display_name":"J. Lorenzo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140930","display_name":"Thales (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/04emwm605","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jerome Lorenzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thales Alenia Space, BP, Toulouse Cedex 1, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space, BP, Toulouse Cedex 1, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068530859","display_name":"G. Carayon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799535048","display_name":"Centre National d'\u00c9tudes Spatiales","ror":"https://ror.org/04h1h0y33","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799535048"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140930","display_name":"Thales (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/04emwm605","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guy Carayon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre National d''Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse, France","Thales Alenia Space, BP, Toulouse Cedex 1, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre National d''Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799535048"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thales Alenia Space, BP, Toulouse Cedex 1, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098093542","display_name":"Patrick Castillanr","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799535048","display_name":"Centre National d'\u00c9tudes Spatiales","ror":"https://ror.org/04h1h0y33","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799535048"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Castillanr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales Direction des Lanceurs, Paris, \u00c3\u017dle-de-France, FR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales Direction des Lanceurs, Paris, \u00c3\u017dle-de-France, FR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799535048"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"V ","last_page":" 236"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9531999826431274,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nadir","display_name":"Nadir","score":0.8777738809585571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.6416655778884888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.627567708492279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5772842764854431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ku-band","display_name":"Ku band","score":0.528476357460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.525679886341095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-altimeter","display_name":"Radar altimeter","score":0.49770382046699524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.49366483092308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.4623931646347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.4564824104309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/significant-wave-height","display_name":"Significant wave height","score":0.4409208297729492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altimeter","display_name":"Altimeter","score":0.42106494307518005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-wave","display_name":"Wind wave","score":0.38699984550476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.316195011138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.25946101546287537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.12584593892097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09123501181602478}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88575799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145825","display_name":"Nadir","level":3,"score":0.8777738809585571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.6416655778884888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.627567708492279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5772842764854431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779383134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q306639","display_name":"Ku band","level":2,"score":0.528476357460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.525679886341095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1104030","display_name":"Radar altimeter","level":3,"score":0.49770382046699524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.49366483092308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.4623931646347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.4564824104309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85910571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2674049","display_name":"Significant wave height","level":3,"score":0.4409208297729492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17534553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216197","display_name":"Altimeter","level":2,"score":0.42106494307518005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165082838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165848","display_name":"Wind wave","level":2,"score":0.38699984550476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.316195011138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.25946101546287537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12584593892097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09123501181602478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2008.4780071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2008.4780071","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051377246","https://openalex.org/W2123479009"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057250073","https://openalex.org/W2154494668","https://openalex.org/W2983603732","https://openalex.org/W2886592498","https://openalex.org/W2083996321","https://openalex.org/W2046415381","https://openalex.org/W2376788252","https://openalex.org/W2140378860","https://openalex.org/W326442093","https://openalex.org/W2046305172"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,85],"instrument":[1],"SWIM":[2],"(Surface":[3],"Waves":[4],"Investigation":[5],"and":[6,50,108,139],"Monitoring)":[7],"on":[8,25,32,65],"the":[9,19,46,80,91,104,112,115,132,156,160],"CFOSAT":[10],"(Chinese":[11],"French":[12],"Oceanographic":[13],"Satellite)":[14],"project":[15],"aims":[16],"at":[17,70,146],"measuring":[18],"directional":[20],"spectra":[21],"of":[22,45,114,144,155,159],"ocean":[23],"waves":[24],"a":[26,33,41,55,95],"180":[27],"km":[28,35],"wide":[29],"swath.":[30],"Orbiting":[31],"500":[34],"sun-synchronous":[36],"orbit,":[37],"it":[38],"provides":[39],"with":[40,137,152],"global":[42],"full":[43],"coverage":[44],"oceans":[47],"between":[48],"-80":[49],"80\u00b0.":[51],"It":[52],"consists":[53],"in":[54,61],"real":[56],"aperture":[57],"radar":[58,116],"(RAR)":[59],"operating":[60],"Ku-band":[62],"(13.575":[63],"GHz)":[64],"6":[66],"distinct":[67],"beams":[68],"pointing":[69],"incidence":[71,138,150],"angles":[72,83],"from":[73,124],"0\u00b0":[74],"(nadir)":[75],"to":[76,90,102,126,134,148],"10\u00b0,":[77],"while":[78],"scanning":[79],"whole":[81],"azimuth":[82,140],"(0-360\u00b0).":[84],"nadir":[86],"beam":[87],"is":[88,101],"similar":[89],"one":[92],"provided":[93],"by":[94],"standard":[96],"altimeter.":[97],"Its":[98],"main":[99],"objective":[100],"measure":[103],"significant":[105],"wave":[106,162],"height":[107],"wind":[109],"speed":[110],"(from":[111],"measurement":[113],"cross":[117],"section).":[118],"Radar":[119],"cross-sections":[120],"are":[121],"also":[122],"estimated":[123],"2":[125],"10\u00b0":[127,149],"off-nadir":[128],"observations,":[129],"then":[130],"ensuring":[131],"access":[133],"profiles":[135],"dependence":[136],"angles.":[141],"Appropriate":[142],"processes":[143],"observations":[145],"4":[147],"provide":[151],"an":[153],"estimate":[154],"spectral":[157],"properties":[158],"local":[161],"field":[163],"([1-2]).":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}