{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2141518511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2008.4779786","title":"BRDF of Salt Pan Regolith Samples","display_name":"BRDF of Salt Pan Regolith Samples","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2141518511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2008.4779786","mag":"2141518511"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2008.4779786","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2008.4779786","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20080030205/downloads/20080030205.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044636727","display_name":"Georgi T. Georgiev","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144891","display_name":"Science Systems and Applications (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03xec1444","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgi T. Georgiev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA","Sci. Syst. & Applic., Baltimore, MD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sci. Syst. & Applic., Baltimore, MD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001588860","display_name":"Charles K. Gatebe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9261-2239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79272384","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles K. Gatebe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Goddard Earth Science and Technology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA","Goddard Earth Sci. & Technol. Center, Univ. of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Goddard Earth Science and Technology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Goddard Earth Sci. & Technol. Center, Univ. of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040237188","display_name":"James J. Butler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6682-266X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James J. Butler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth Sciences Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","Goddard Space Flight Center, Earth Sci. Div., NASA, Greenbelt, MD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth Sciences Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Goddard Space Flight Center, Earth Sci. Div., NASA, Greenbelt, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035227881","display_name":"Michael D. King","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2645-7298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114008","display_name":"Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/01fcjzv38","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I4210114008"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael D. King","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA","Lab. for Atmos. & Space Phys., Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114008","https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab. for Atmos. & Space Phys., Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1107513,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"108","issue":null,"first_page":"IV ","last_page":" 573"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidirectional-reflectance-distribution-function","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","score":0.9458260536193848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regolith","display_name":"Regolith","score":0.8338826894760132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometer","display_name":"Radiometer","score":0.6351008415222168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5982904434204102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impact-crater","display_name":"Impact crater","score":0.4686790108680725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absorption","display_name":"Absorption (acoustics)","score":0.41286903619766235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrobiology","display_name":"Astrobiology","score":0.38888001441955566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3650120496749878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.35459327697753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.33160829544067383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.24581339955329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18797656893730164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151596937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856980","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","level":3,"score":0.9458260536193848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41642174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106551","display_name":"Regolith","level":2,"score":0.8338826894760132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120189094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281","display_name":"Radiometer","level":2,"score":0.6351008415222168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5982904434204102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179537507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55818","display_name":"Impact crater","level":2,"score":0.4686790108680725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125287762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758948","display_name":"Absorption (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.41286903619766235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.38888001441955566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3650120496749878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.35459327697753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.33160829544067383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.24581339955329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18797656893730164}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2008.4779786","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2008.4779786","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:casi.ntrs.nasa.gov:20080030205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080030205","pdf_url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20080030205/downloads/20080030205.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196257","display_name":"NASA STI Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210124779","host_organization_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CASI","raw_type":"IGARSS ''08/IEEE; Jul 06, 2008 - Jul 11, 2008; Boston, MA; United States"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:casi.ntrs.nasa.gov:20080030205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080030205","pdf_url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20080030205/downloads/20080030205.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196257","display_name":"NASA STI Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210124779","host_organization_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CASI","raw_type":"IGARSS ''08/IEEE; Jul 06, 2008 - Jul 11, 2008; Boston, MA; United States"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2141518511.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595581633","https://openalex.org/W1496847388","https://openalex.org/W1554901925","https://openalex.org/W2054841301","https://openalex.org/W2108982651","https://openalex.org/W2136443031","https://openalex.org/W2170101292","https://openalex.org/W3012976522"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368710213","https://openalex.org/W2625809971","https://openalex.org/W4385839086","https://openalex.org/W1663847441","https://openalex.org/W1996671438","https://openalex.org/W2000112597","https://openalex.org/W2774256758","https://openalex.org/W2026859948","https://openalex.org/W2765253738","https://openalex.org/W2538601840"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Laboratory":[0],"BRDF":[1,47,74,108],"measurements":[2,75],"of":[3,20,25,67,70],"salt":[4],"pan":[5],"regolith":[6,90],"samples":[7,30,91],"are":[8,94],"presented":[9],"in":[10,13],"this":[11],"study":[12],"an":[14],"effort":[15],"to":[16],"understand":[17],"the":[18,26,46,50,60,68,71,84,89,97],"role":[19],"spatial":[21],"and":[22,55,58,105],"spectral":[23],"variability":[24],"natural":[27],"biome.":[28],"The":[29],"were":[31,92],"obtained":[32],"from":[33],"Etosha":[34],"Pan,":[35],"Namibia":[36],"(19.20degS,":[37],"15.93degE,":[38],"alt.":[39],"1100":[40],"m).":[41],"It":[42],"is":[43,109],"shown":[44],"how":[45],"depends":[48],"on":[49,59],"measurement":[51],"geometry":[52],"-":[53],"incident":[54],"scatter":[56],"angles":[57],"sample":[61],"particle":[62],"sizes.":[63],"As":[64],"a":[65],"demonstration":[66],"application":[69],"results,":[72],"airborne":[73],"acquired":[76],"with":[77,96],"NASA's":[78],"Cloud":[79],"Absorption":[80],"Radiometer":[81],"(CAR)":[82],"over":[83],"same":[85],"general":[86],"site":[87],"where":[88],"collected":[93],"compared":[95],"laboratory":[98,103],"results.":[99],"Good":[100],"agreement":[101],"between":[102],"measured":[104,107],"field":[106],"reported.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
