{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2159815854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4423738","title":"Limitations of subspace LDA in hyperspectral target recognition applications","display_name":"Limitations of subspace LDA in hyperspectral target recognition applications","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2159815854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4423738","mag":"2159815854"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2007.4423738","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4423738","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037823063","display_name":"Saurabh Prasad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3729-9360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99041443","display_name":"Mississippi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0432jq872","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saurabh Prasad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103103246","display_name":"L.M. Bruce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9380-1143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99041443","display_name":"Mississippi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0432jq872","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lori Mann Bruce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99041443"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"4049","last_page":"4052"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9695000052452087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8382500410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.8333845138549805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.8271864652633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.8082032203674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7818955183029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7191371321678162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.7057923078536987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.6219670176506042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5890138149261475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5066753029823303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rank","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","score":0.47702619433403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.4600316286087036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-subspace","display_name":"Linear subspace","score":0.42642003297805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.41949260234832764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32123392820358276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11787137389183044}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8382500410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.8333845138549805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.8271864652633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.8082032203674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7818955183029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7191371321678162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.7057923078536987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6219670176506042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5890138149261475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5066753029823303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.47702619433403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.4600316286087036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12362212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728435","display_name":"Linear subspace","level":2,"score":0.42642003297805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.41949260234832764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32123392820358276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11787137389183044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2007.4423738","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4423738","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506281249","https://openalex.org/W2012352340","https://openalex.org/W2020265014","https://openalex.org/W2129843980","https://openalex.org/W2134262590","https://openalex.org/W2138583748","https://openalex.org/W2142831778","https://openalex.org/W2148198942","https://openalex.org/W2156005575","https://openalex.org/W2157621128","https://openalex.org/W2158469157","https://openalex.org/W2171347282","https://openalex.org/W2543041142","https://openalex.org/W4230946174","https://openalex.org/W6655380650","https://openalex.org/W6679264068"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2132083814","https://openalex.org/W2292979300","https://openalex.org/W2114217318","https://openalex.org/W2794812819","https://openalex.org/W2587881214","https://openalex.org/W3104072235","https://openalex.org/W3036945320","https://openalex.org/W2370263288","https://openalex.org/W1995622179","https://openalex.org/W4391160746"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Principal":[0],"components":[1],"analysis":[2,33,97],"(PCA)":[3],"is":[4,47],"commonly":[5],"used":[6],"as":[7],"a":[8,50,95,119],"tool":[9],"for":[10,15,86,122],"feature":[11],"space":[12,57],"dimensionality":[13],"reduction":[14],"various":[16],"automatic":[17],"target":[18],"recognition":[19,88],"(ATR)":[20],"systems.":[21],"Recently,":[22],"PCA":[23,51,102,120],"has":[24,78],"also":[25,111],"been":[26,79],"employed":[27,80],"in":[28],"conjunction":[29],"with":[30,81],"linear":[31],"discriminant":[32],"(LDA)":[34],"to":[35,48,53],"recondition":[36],"ill":[37],"posed":[38],"LDA":[39,65],"formulations.":[40],"The":[41],"key":[42],"idea":[43],"behind":[44],"this":[45,70,91],"approach":[46],"use":[49],"transformation":[52],"discard":[54],"the":[55,99,107,116],"null":[56],"of":[58,84,98,101,106,115,118],"rank":[59],"deficient":[60],"scatter":[61],"matrices":[62],"so":[63],"that":[64],"can":[66],"be":[67],"applied":[68],"on":[69,103],"reconditioned":[71],"space.":[72],"This":[73],"approach,":[74],"called":[75],"subspace":[76],"LDA,":[77],"some":[82],"level":[83],"success":[85],"face":[87],"algorithms.":[89],"In":[90],"paper,":[92],"we":[93],"present":[94],"theoretical":[96],"effects":[100],"discrimination":[104],"power":[105],"projected":[108],"subspace.":[109],"We":[110],"provide":[112],"experimental":[113],"evidence":[114],"ineffectiveness":[117],"projection":[121],"hyperspectral":[123,129],"ATR":[124],"applications":[125],"using":[126],"three":[127],"different":[128],"invasive":[130],"species":[131],"datasets.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}