{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2104960315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4423333","title":"Performance measurements on active cold loads for radiometer calibration","display_name":"Performance measurements on active cold loads for radiometer calibration","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2104960315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4423333","mag":"2104960315"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2007.4423333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4423333","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/a618bc8f-167b-43f1-8087-b6a28dd00450","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044545816","display_name":"Niels Skou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7245-017X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","display_name":"University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/035b05819","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Niels Skou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Danish National Space Center, B 348, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark","B 348 Tech. Univ. of Denmark, Lyngby"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Danish National Space Center, B 348, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"B 348 Tech. Univ. of Denmark, Lyngby","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082053393","display_name":"Sten Schmidl S\u00f8bj\u00e6rg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6914-8597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","display_name":"University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/035b05819","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sten S. Sobjaerg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Danish National Space Center, B 348, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark","B 348 Tech. Univ. of Denmark, Lyngby"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Danish National Space Center, B 348, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"B 348 Tech. Univ. of Denmark, Lyngby","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089329629","display_name":"Jan E. Balling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3685-2294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","display_name":"University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/035b05819","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Balling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Danish National Space Center, B 348, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark","B 348 Tech. Univ. of Denmark, Lyngby"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Danish National Space Center, B 348, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"B 348 Tech. Univ. of Denmark, Lyngby","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044545816"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696","https://openalex.org/I96673099"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3896,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82224377,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2431","last_page":"2434"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13200","display_name":"Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies","score":0.9782000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12450","display_name":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","score":0.968999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometer","display_name":"Radiometer","score":0.8897279500961304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.6501644849777222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5612030625343323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-measurement","display_name":"Temperature measurement","score":0.5529878735542297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-radiometer","display_name":"Microwave radiometer","score":0.5337817072868347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4998319149017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometry","display_name":"Radiometry","score":0.4974837601184845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4923452138900757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.44562071561813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.4420998990535736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.43408992886543274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conductor","display_name":"Conductor","score":0.4177311658859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4150572121143341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4145449101924896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3217836022377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.21451908349990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20918571949005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1876620352268219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16317281126976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.14098110795021057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11165568232536316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.0719502866268158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.06732738018035889}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120189094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281","display_name":"Radiometer","level":2,"score":0.8897279500961304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.6501644849777222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5612030625343323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72293138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909741","display_name":"Temperature measurement","level":2,"score":0.5529878735542297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96960616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3814470","display_name":"Microwave radiometer","level":3,"score":0.5337817072868347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4998319149017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87456703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247760","display_name":"Radiometry","level":2,"score":0.4974837601184845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4923452138900757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.44562071561813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4420998990535736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.43408992886543274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34800285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159395","display_name":"Conductor","level":2,"score":0.4177311658859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4150572121143341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4145449101924896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3217836022377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.21451908349990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20918571949005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1876620352268219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16317281126976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14098110795021057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11165568232536316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0719502866268158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.06732738018035889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2007.4423333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4423333","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/a618bc8f-167b-43f1-8087-b6a28dd00450","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/a618bc8f-167b-43f1-8087-b6a28dd00450","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400705","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Skou , N , S\u00f8bj\u00e6rg , S S & Balling , J E 2007 , Performance Measurements on Active Cold Loads for Radiometer Calibration . in IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM : SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET . IEEE , pp. 2431-2434 , 2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium , Barcelona , Spain , 23/07/2007 . https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423333","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/a618bc8f-167b-43f1-8087-b6a28dd00450","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/a618bc8f-167b-43f1-8087-b6a28dd00450","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400705","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Skou , N , S\u00f8bj\u00e6rg , S S & Balling , J E 2007 , Performance Measurements on Active Cold Loads for Radiometer Calibration . in IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM : SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET . IEEE , pp. 2431-2434 , 2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium , Barcelona , Spain , 23/07/2007 . https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423333","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1637248278"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381259876","https://openalex.org/W2016007472","https://openalex.org/W2360231461","https://openalex.org/W2413930784","https://openalex.org/W2140108161","https://openalex.org/W2005776842","https://openalex.org/W2063863367","https://openalex.org/W2511456285","https://openalex.org/W1983957298","https://openalex.org/W751870123"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two":[0],"semi-conductor":[1],"Active":[2],"Cold":[3],"Loads":[4],"(ACLs)":[5],"to":[6,35,42,120],"be":[7,43,56],"used":[8],"as":[9],"cold":[10],"references":[11],"in":[12,32,45],"spaceborne":[13],"microwave":[14],"radiometers":[15],"have":[16],"been":[17,23,65],"developed.":[18,66],"An":[19],"X-band":[20],"frequency":[21],"has":[22,64],"chosen,":[24],"and":[25,51,75,78,87,98,116],"the":[26,33,46,102,114],"target":[27],"noise":[28],"temperature":[29,48,106],"value":[30],"is":[31,70,80,85,108],"50":[34],"100":[36],"K":[37,97,100],"range.":[38],"The":[39,82,105],"ACLs":[40],"are":[41],"characterized":[44],"operating":[47],"range":[49],"0-50degC,":[50],"long":[52],"term":[53],"stability":[54,118],"must":[55],"assessed.":[57],"To":[58],"this":[59],"end":[60],"a":[61,72],"Test":[62,68],"Bed":[63,69],"This":[67],"actually":[71],"stable":[73],"radiometer,":[74],"its":[76],"design":[77],"development":[79],"discussed.":[81],"test":[83,89],"setup":[84],"described,":[86],"preliminary":[88],"campaign":[90],"results":[91],"indicate":[92],"output":[93],"temperatures":[94],"of":[95],"73":[96],"51":[99],"for":[101,113],"two":[103],"ACLs.":[104],"sensitivity":[107],"slightly":[109],"below":[110],"0.4":[111],"K/degC":[112],"units,":[115],"excellent":[117],"seems":[119],"prevail.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}