{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2049421604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4423243","title":"A stability analysis of the lambda estimator for solving the ambiguity problem in persistent scatterer interferometry","display_name":"A stability analysis of the lambda estimator for solving the ambiguity problem in persistent scatterer interferometry","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2049421604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4423243","mag":"2049421604"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2007.4423243","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4423243","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028096791","display_name":"Stefan Gernhardt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111978","display_name":"Remote Sensing Solutions (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/023cs4y60","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111978"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Gernhardt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing Technology, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany","Tech. Univ. Munchen, Munich"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Technology, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111978","https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tech. Univ. Munchen, Munich","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023655379","display_name":"Franz J. Meyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2491-526X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franz Meyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center Oberpfaffenhofen, Remote Sensing Technology Institute, Wessling, Germany","Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, D-82234, Wessling, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center Oberpfaffenhofen, Remote Sensing Technology Institute, Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, D-82234, Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078308635","display_name":"Richard Bamler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0975-0743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Bamler","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center Oberpfaffenhofen, Remote Sensing Technology Institute, Wessling, Germany","Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, D-82234, Wessling, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center Oberpfaffenhofen, Remote Sensing Technology Institute, Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, D-82234, Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064077690","display_name":"Nico Adam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6053-0105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nico Adam","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center Oberpfaffenhofen, Remote Sensing Technology Institute, Wessling, Germany","Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, D-82234, Wessling, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center Oberpfaffenhofen, Remote Sensing Technology Institute, Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, D-82234, Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11943085,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2005 16","issue":null,"first_page":"2082","last_page":"2085"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decorrelation","display_name":"Decorrelation","score":0.7783600091934204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lambda","display_name":"Lambda","score":0.765249490737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6057090759277344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.5621337890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.505031168460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4817095398902893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.47224161028862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4699069857597351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","score":0.4486423432826996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.382063090801239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2838226854801178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2682330906391144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20431753993034363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.18306729197502136}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177860922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788608","display_name":"Decorrelation","level":2,"score":0.7783600091934204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778113609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10897","display_name":"Lambda","level":2,"score":0.765249490737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6057090759277344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.5621337890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.505031168460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4817095398902893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.47224161028862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4699069857597351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.4486423432826996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.382063090801239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2838226854801178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2682330906391144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20431753993034363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.18306729197502136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2007.4423243","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4423243","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:57570","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://elib.dlr.de/57570/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Konferenzbeitrag"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W112357801","https://openalex.org/W2095093213","https://openalex.org/W2099008772","https://openalex.org/W2099990809","https://openalex.org/W2136689633","https://openalex.org/W6680543690"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1604939135","https://openalex.org/W2127058578","https://openalex.org/W2098040275","https://openalex.org/W2735368845","https://openalex.org/W2089764958","https://openalex.org/W3109905219","https://openalex.org/W2073586885","https://openalex.org/W2546477360","https://openalex.org/W2359691516","https://openalex.org/W1990069287"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Persistent":[0],"Scatterer":[1],"Interferometry":[2],"is":[3,150],"a":[4,15,54,119,140],"well-known":[5],"technique":[6],"to":[7,105],"obtain":[8],"displacement":[9,40],"rates":[10,41],"in":[11,33,64,136],"urban":[12],"areas":[13],"from":[14],"stack":[16],"of":[17,70,110,118,122],"SAR":[18],"interferograms.":[19],"Besides":[20],"the":[21,34,39,65,80,116,129,137],"original":[22],"method":[23,86],"introduced":[24,63],"by":[25,45],"A.":[26],"Ferretti,":[27],"C.":[28],"Prati":[29],"and":[30,42,108,124,145],"F.":[31],"Rocca":[32],"late":[35],"1990's,":[36],"which":[37],"estimates":[38],"DEM":[43],"corrections":[44],"an":[46],"ensemble":[47,146],"coherence":[48,147],"maximization":[49,148],"approach":[50],"(periodogram)":[51,149],"based":[52],"on":[53,128],"common":[55],"master":[56],"image,":[57],"several":[58],"other":[59],"algorithms":[60],"have":[61],"been":[62,74],"past":[66],"few":[67],"years.":[68],"One":[69],"these":[71],"approaches":[72],"has":[73],"developed":[75,90],"at":[76],"DLR":[77],"It":[78],"incorporates":[79],"Least-squares":[81],"AMBiguity":[82],"Decorrelation":[83],"Adjustment":[84],"(LAMBDA)":[85],"that":[87],"was":[88],"originally":[89],"for":[91],"fast":[92],"GPS":[93],"double":[94],"difference":[95],"ambiguity":[96],"estimation.":[97],"In":[98],"this":[99,111],"paper":[100],"different":[101],"parameters":[102],"are":[103,133],"tested":[104],"investigate":[106],"robustness":[107],"performance":[109],"estimation":[112,130],"method.":[113],"At":[114],"first":[115],"effects":[117],"reduced":[120],"number":[121],"observations":[123],"varying":[125],"reference":[126],"points":[127],"with":[131],"LAMBDA":[132,144],"analyzed":[134],"while":[135],"second":[138],"part":[139],"direct":[141],"comparison":[142],"between":[143],"performed.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
