{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2162307584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4422736","title":"Improvement of 3D radar backscatter model by matrix-doubling methods","display_name":"Improvement of 3D radar backscatter model by matrix-doubling methods","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2162307584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4422736","mag":"2162307584"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2007.4422736","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4422736","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111912245","display_name":"Wenjian Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1611-4582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjian Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111912245","display_name":"Wenjian Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1611-4582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjian Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101581220","display_name":"Zhifeng Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0937-7667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhifeng Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101891404","display_name":"Guoqing Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-6402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoqing Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100321401","display_name":"Fang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-0571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Normal University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Normal University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"85","last_page":"88"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.7523688077926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.6974931955337524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6520423889160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"Radiative transfer","score":0.6207756400108337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5589865446090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.5465651154518127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarimetry","display_name":"Polarimetry","score":0.5221662521362305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mueller-calculus","display_name":"Mueller calculus","score":0.48020467162132263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-radiative-transfer-codes","display_name":"Atmospheric radiative transfer codes","score":0.4119286835193634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3725631833076477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3404102623462677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.21293747425079346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.16530999541282654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07224935293197632}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.7523688077926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.6974931955337524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6520423889160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.6207756400108337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5589865446090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5465651154518127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28493345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899381","display_name":"Polarimetry","level":3,"score":0.5221662521362305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36928386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064220","display_name":"Mueller calculus","level":4,"score":0.48020467162132263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2353151","display_name":"Atmospheric radiative transfer codes","level":3,"score":0.4119286835193634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3725631833076477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3404102623462677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.21293747425079346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.16530999541282654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07224935293197632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2007.4422736","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4422736","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532691246","https://openalex.org/W1971041640","https://openalex.org/W2000425421","https://openalex.org/W2021627187","https://openalex.org/W2105219155","https://openalex.org/W2141172742","https://openalex.org/W2149406408","https://openalex.org/W2158202206","https://openalex.org/W2168236954","https://openalex.org/W4256689006","https://openalex.org/W6680929650"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3009108294","https://openalex.org/W2070346233","https://openalex.org/W2462590404","https://openalex.org/W4214838412","https://openalex.org/W4385235098","https://openalex.org/W4387300573","https://openalex.org/W4386119606","https://openalex.org/W4395000685","https://openalex.org/W2892267886","https://openalex.org/W147980319"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Radiative":[0],"transfer":[1],"models":[2,18],"have":[3],"been":[4],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"to":[7,24,88,103,118,152],"simulate":[8],"the":[9,66,90,110,122,127,139,153],"radar":[10,39],"backscatter":[11,40,83],"from":[12],"forested":[13],"areas.":[14],"Most":[15],"of":[16,28,31,42,129,134,157],"these":[17],"are":[19],"two":[20],"dimensional.":[21],"In":[22,101],"order":[23,102],"take":[25],"full":[26],"account":[27,58],"spatial":[29],"position":[30],"trees":[32],"in":[33,52,115,148],"a":[34,37],"forest":[35,43],"stand,":[36],"three-dimensional":[38],"model":[41,55,77,131,136],"canopy":[44],"was":[45],"constructed":[46],"by":[47],"Guoqing":[48],"Sun":[49],"and":[50,65,73,132,155],"Ranson":[51],"1995[1].":[53],"The":[54,76,124,143],"takes":[56],"into":[57],"only":[59],"first-order":[60],"scattering":[61,68],"within":[62,121,159],"tree":[63,70],"crown":[64,160],"double":[67],"between":[69,126],"trunk":[71],"(crown)":[72],"ground":[74],"surface.":[75],"predictions":[78],"agree":[79],"well":[80],"with":[81],"copolarized":[82],"measurements,":[84],"while":[85],"it":[86],"tends":[87],"underestimates":[89],"backscattering":[91],"coefficients":[92],"for":[93,107],"cross-polarization,":[94],"when":[95],"there":[96],"is":[97,113,141],"strong":[98],"volume":[99],"scattering.":[100],"produce":[104],"good":[105],"estimations":[106],"cross-polarized":[108],"component,":[109],"matrix-doubling":[111],"method":[112,140],"employed":[114],"this":[116],"paper":[117],"compute":[119],"multiple-scattering":[120],"crown.":[123],"comparison":[125],"results":[128],"original":[130],"that":[133,138],"modified":[135],"shows":[137],"effective.":[142],"cross-polarization":[144],"can":[145],"be":[146],"improved":[147],"different":[149],"degrees":[150],"according":[151],"size":[154],"density":[156],"scatters":[158],"cell.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}