{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2162048640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2006.128","title":"Modeling Snow Volume Backscatter Combining the Radiative Transfer Theory and the Discrete Dipole Approximation","display_name":"Modeling Snow Volume Backscatter Combining the Radiative Transfer Theory and the Discrete Dipole Approximation","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2162048640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2006.128","mag":"2162048640"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2006.128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2006.128","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2006.128","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2006 IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058677867","display_name":"Annakaisa von Lerber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2890-1217","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2890-1217"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. von Lerber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Space Technology, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Space Technology, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060909519","display_name":"Jukka Sarvas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4525-3277","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4525-3277"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Sarvas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Electromagnectics, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Electromagnectics, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049229557","display_name":"Jouni T. Pulliainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-2920","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-2920"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Pulliainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arctic Research Centre of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sodankyla, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arctic Research Centre of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sodankyla, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.528,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84409421,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":null,"first_page":"481","last_page":"484"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10739","display_name":"Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis","score":0.6478999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10739","display_name":"Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis","score":0.6478999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.13420000672340393,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.04969999939203262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dry-snow","display_name":"dry snow","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer-theory","display_name":"radiative transfer theory","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-dipole-approximation","display_name":"discrete dipole approximation","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-scattering","display_name":"multiple scattering","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"polarization","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow-grain-shape","display_name":"snow grain shape","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snowpack-modeling","display_name":"snowpack modeling","score":0.5379999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.8573756814002991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.8292667865753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49874194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282045","display_name":"Discrete dipole approximation","level":3,"score":0.7739028930664062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.7008270025253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.6660032868385315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63688654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901737","display_name":"Mie scattering","level":4,"score":0.6067851781845093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.5866104960441589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5042270421981812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2353151","display_name":"Atmospheric radiative transfer codes","level":3,"score":0.4682629704475403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4629858732223511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120456961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Light scattering","level":3,"score":0.42486727237701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173523689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215589","display_name":"Dipole","level":2,"score":0.4170699715614319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4152417778968811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.249128520488739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.16995888948440552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09998539090156555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.080995112657547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2006.128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2006.128","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2006.128","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2006 IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1607823060","https://openalex.org/W1681813588","https://openalex.org/W1985453543","https://openalex.org/W2026881862","https://openalex.org/W2102301900","https://openalex.org/W2131296181","https://openalex.org/W2136943818","https://openalex.org/W2138458213","https://openalex.org/W2146177950","https://openalex.org/W2162246342","https://openalex.org/W2163445742","https://openalex.org/W2478698305","https://openalex.org/W6675835723"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1173479227","https://openalex.org/W268862413","https://openalex.org/W4321519047","https://openalex.org/W2154468134","https://openalex.org/W2322021969","https://openalex.org/W1981068248","https://openalex.org/W2360647567","https://openalex.org/W4401452804","https://openalex.org/W2039841743","https://openalex.org/W2551773778"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1],"method":[2,118],"is":[3,15,33,52,64],"developed":[4],"to":[5,35,121,126],"model":[6,14,96],"the":[7,19,37,50,73,92,94,107,116],"volume":[8,47],"backscattering":[9],"from":[10,72],"dry":[11],"snow.":[12],"The":[13,30,59,110],"a":[16,41,68,83,87,131],"combination":[17],"of":[18,86,91],"exact":[20],"field":[21,31],"approach":[22,32],"and":[23,49,77,103,119,140],"zeroth":[24],"order":[25],"vector":[26],"radiative":[27,60],"transfer":[28,61],"theory.":[29],"used":[34],"define":[36],"scattering":[38,75,111],"characteristics":[39,76],"in":[40],"single":[42],"almost":[43],"indefinite":[44],"small":[45],"snow":[46,70,88,108,133,143],"unit":[48],"calculation":[51],"realized":[53],"with":[54,115],"discrete":[55],"dipole":[56],"approximation":[57],"(DDA).":[58],"theory":[62,123],"(RT)":[63],"utilized":[65],"by":[66],"defining":[67],"homogenous":[69],"layer":[71,134],"averaged":[74],"combining":[78],"different":[79],"layers":[80],"together":[81],"forming":[82],"vertical":[84],"structure":[85],"pack.":[89],"Because":[90],"DDA":[93,117],"presented":[95,136],"takes":[97],"into":[98],"account":[99],"all":[100,104],"multiple":[101],"reflections":[102],"polarizations":[105],"inside":[106],"volume.":[109],"amplitude":[112],"values":[113],"calculated":[114],"according":[120],"Mie":[122],"are":[124,135],"compared":[125],"together.":[127],"Some":[128],"results":[129],"for":[130,137],"homogeneous":[132],"both":[138],"cubical":[139],"needle":[141],"shaped":[142],"grains.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}