{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2120881610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2005.1526138","title":"Hierarchical support vector machines","display_name":"Hierarchical support vector machines","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2120881610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2005.1526138","mag":"2120881610"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2005.1526138","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2005.1526138","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. 2005 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2005. IGARSS '05.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101707426","display_name":"Zhigang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5447-0890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liu Zhigang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, School of Geography, Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities, Beijing Normal University, China","State Key Lab. of Remote Sensing Sci., Chinese Acad. of Sci., Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, School of Geography, Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities, Beijing Normal University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Remote Sensing Sci., Chinese Acad. of Sci., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shi Wenzhong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi Wenzhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Research Centre for Spatial Information Technology, Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","The Hong Kong Polytechnic University#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Research Centre for Spatial Information Technology, Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103826233","display_name":"Qianqing Qin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qin Qianqing","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University of China, China","Wuhan Univ.,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University of China, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan Univ.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100717708","display_name":"Xiaowen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7135-694X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Xiaowen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Normal University","Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xie Donghui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xie Donghui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, School of Geography, Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities, Beijing Normal University, China","BEIJING NORMAL UNIVERSITY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, School of Geography, Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities, Beijing Normal University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BEIJING NORMAL UNIVERSITY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101707426"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8036,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88188226,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"186","last_page":"189"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9782000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.8620467185974121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-tree","display_name":"Binary tree","score":0.6733689308166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.6470075249671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6400520205497742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.6133615970611572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5833753347396851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5756791234016418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5734196901321411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-clustering","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","score":0.5551950335502625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5465230941772461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.532813310623169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.526260256767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5160545706748962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/separable-space","display_name":"Separable space","score":0.4621594250202179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4532313644886017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3443506360054016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.17374089360237122}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.8620467185974121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197855036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380172","display_name":"Binary tree","level":2,"score":0.6733689308166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6470075249671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6400520205497742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.6133615970611572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5833753347396851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5756791234016418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5734196901321411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92835128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277447","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","level":3,"score":0.5551950335502625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5465230941772461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.532813310623169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.526260256767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5160545706748962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70710897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q680081","display_name":"Separable space","level":2,"score":0.4621594250202179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4532313644886017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3443506360054016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.17374089360237122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2005.1526138","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2005.1526138","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. 2005 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2005. IGARSS '05.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/30701","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/30701","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W628438000","https://openalex.org/W1488833649","https://openalex.org/W1636292238","https://openalex.org/W2148603752","https://openalex.org/W2153104898","https://openalex.org/W2157239837","https://openalex.org/W2163947121","https://openalex.org/W2168228682","https://openalex.org/W2478493250","https://openalex.org/W4312326823","https://openalex.org/W6636863064","https://openalex.org/W6683380652"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009525028","https://openalex.org/W4321064619","https://openalex.org/W2053599029","https://openalex.org/W3011179836","https://openalex.org/W2962925412","https://openalex.org/W2023672523","https://openalex.org/W4246719751","https://openalex.org/W2483165346","https://openalex.org/W4297752497","https://openalex.org/W1602287844"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"speed":[1],"and":[2,81],"accuracy":[3],"of":[4,28,76,87,99,108],"a":[5,29,54],"hierarchical":[6],"SVM":[7,33,80],"(H-SVM)":[8],"depend":[9],"on":[10,61,69],"its":[11],"tree":[12,79],"structure.":[13],"To":[14],"achieve":[15],"high":[16],"performance,":[17],"more":[18],"separable":[19],"classes":[20,35],"should":[21,48],"be":[22,49],"separated":[23],"at":[24,36],"the":[25,41,84,106,109],"upper":[26],"nodes":[27],"decision":[30,85],"tree.":[31],"Because":[32],"separates":[34],"feature":[37,46,58],"space":[38,47,59],"determined":[39],"by":[40],"kernel":[42],"function,":[43],"separability":[44,55],"in":[45,57],"considered.":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52,70],"paper,":[53],"measure":[56],"based":[60],"support":[62],"vector":[63],"data":[64,104],"description":[65],"is":[66],"proposed.":[67],"Based":[68],"measure,":[71],"we":[72],"present":[73],"two":[74,92,110],"kinds":[75],"H-SVM,":[77],"binary":[78],"k-tree":[82],"SVM,":[83],"trees":[86],"which":[88],"are":[89],"constructed":[90],"with":[91,101],"bottom-up":[93],"agglomerative":[94],"clustering":[95],"algorithms":[96],"respectively.":[97],"Results":[98],"experimentation":[100],"remotely":[102],"sensed":[103],"validate":[105],"effectiveness":[107],"proposed":[111],"H-SVM.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}