{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2137087858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2004.1370480","title":"Examination of surface cross section statistics over ocean and land","display_name":"Examination of surface cross section statistics over ocean and land","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2137087858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2004.1370480","mag":"2137087858"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2004.1370480","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2004.1370480","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International IEEE International IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2004. IGARSS '04. Proceedings. 2004","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084645292","display_name":"K. Mubarak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8821-262X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Mubarak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Etisalat College of Engineering, Sharjah, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Etisalat College of Engineering, Sharjah, UAE","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018459427","display_name":"K. Almidfa","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. AlMidfa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Etisalat College of Engineering, Sharjah, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Etisalat College of Engineering, Sharjah, UAE","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039799367","display_name":"V. Chandrasekar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Chandrasekar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2895333,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"3566","last_page":"3569"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.7542104721069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.7386165857315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6468770503997803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6311575174331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disdrometer","display_name":"Disdrometer","score":0.5638241171836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5453013181686401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.4920460879802704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-cross-section","display_name":"Radar cross-section","score":0.4820778965950012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4725964665412903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.4407294690608978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.32893115282058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2292853593826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rain-gauge","display_name":"Rain gauge","score":0.22608521580696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13489863276481628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.13001829385757446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12425872683525085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1233600378036499}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.7542104721069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.7386165857315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6468770503997803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6311575174331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116810829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230193","display_name":"Disdrometer","level":4,"score":0.5638241171836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5453013181686401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.4920460879802704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101457746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560430","display_name":"Radar cross-section","level":3,"score":0.4820778965950012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4725964665412903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.4407294690608978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.32893115282058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2292853593826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120961793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190052","display_name":"Rain gauge","level":3,"score":0.22608521580696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13489863276481628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.13001829385757446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12425872683525085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1233600378036499}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2004.1370480","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2004.1370480","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International IEEE International IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2004. IGARSS '04. Proceedings. 2004","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523543893","https://openalex.org/W1967362190","https://openalex.org/W1973379370","https://openalex.org/W1976235398","https://openalex.org/W1993849848","https://openalex.org/W1998645210","https://openalex.org/W2000612711","https://openalex.org/W2011033761","https://openalex.org/W2042456683","https://openalex.org/W2065910705","https://openalex.org/W2148082945","https://openalex.org/W2175901758","https://openalex.org/W6631188062"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016167620","https://openalex.org/W2621335225","https://openalex.org/W2966589206","https://openalex.org/W1611876219","https://openalex.org/W2778026496","https://openalex.org/W2049429684","https://openalex.org/W2161121355","https://openalex.org/W3160661311","https://openalex.org/W2015421666","https://openalex.org/W2035420259"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Weather":[0],"radars":[1],"that":[2],"operate":[3],"at":[4],"frequencies":[5],"higher":[6],"than":[7],"about":[8],"3":[9],"GHz":[10],"can":[11,35],"he":[12],"affected":[13],"adversely":[14],"by":[15,39,84],"rain":[16,75,95,147,195],"attenuation.":[17],"However,":[18],"for":[19,143],"spaceborne":[20],"applications,":[21],"where":[22],"the":[23,28,41,44,53,67,71,79,105,111,115,140,151,158,166,175,179,187,206,213],"size":[24,62,73,117],"and":[25,74,77,86,114,145,191,196],"mass":[26],"of":[27,55,94,125,150,154,178,186,208],"antenna":[29,61,72],"are":[30,102,119,130],"limited,":[31],"adequate":[32],"spatial":[33,80],"resolution":[34],"be":[36],"obtained":[37],"only":[38],"increasing":[40],"frequency.":[42],"For":[43],"Tropical":[45],"Rainfall":[46],"Measuring":[47],"Mission":[48],"(TRMM)":[49],"precipitation":[50],"radar":[51,101,112],"(PR),":[52],"use":[54],"13.8-GHz":[56],"frequency":[57],"with":[58],"a":[59,64,98,122,184],"2-m":[60],"represents":[63],"compromise":[65],"between":[66],"desire":[68],"to":[69,121,138,173,204],"minimize":[70],"attenuation":[76,107,156],"maximize":[78],"resolution.":[81],"As":[82],"demonstrated":[83],"Hitschfeld":[85],"Bordan":[87],"(1954)":[88],"in":[89],"their":[90],"classic":[91],"study,":[92],"estimates":[93],"rate":[96],"from":[97,168],"single-attenuating":[99],"wavelength":[100],"unstable":[103],"when":[104],"path":[106],"is":[108,136,157,171,201],"large,":[109],"unless":[110],"constant":[113],"drop":[116],"distribution":[118],"known":[120],"high":[123,146],"degree":[124],"accuracy.":[126],"Because":[127],"these":[128],"conditions":[129],"seldom":[131],"met,":[132],"an":[133],"alternative":[134],"strategy":[135],"needed":[137],"complement":[139],"Hitschfeld-Bordan":[141],"method":[142],"moderate":[144],"rates.":[148],"One":[149],"proposed":[152],"ways":[153],"estimating":[155],"surface":[159,180,188,210],"reference":[160],"technique":[161],"(SRT).":[162],"In":[163],"this":[164,199],"work,":[165],"data":[167],"TRMM":[169],"PR":[170],"used":[172,203],"study":[174,205],"statistical":[176],"characteristics":[177],"return":[181,211],"(s0)":[182],"as":[183,212],"function":[185],"type":[189],"(ocean/land)":[190],"incident":[192],"angles":[193],"during":[194],"rain-free":[197],"times,":[198],"analysis":[200],"further":[202],"effectiveness":[207],"using":[209],"reference.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
