{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2112873835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2004.1370356","title":"Rough surface scattering models","display_name":"Rough surface scattering models","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2112873835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2004.1370356","mag":"2112873835"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2004.1370356","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2004.1370356","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International IEEE International IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2004. IGARSS '04. Proceedings. 2004","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017650754","display_name":"J.R. Smith","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802287952","display_name":"Naval Surface Warfare Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03d4ecn10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328969757","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802287952","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.R. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carderock Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center, West Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carderock Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center, West Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802287952"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016932012","display_name":"Mark S. Mirotznik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3666-678X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168959743","display_name":"University of America","ror":"https://ror.org/03s0c9350","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168959743"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84470341","display_name":"Catholic University of America","ror":"https://ror.org/047yk3s18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.S. Mirotznik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Electrical Engineering, Catholic University of America, Washington D.C., DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Electrical Engineering, Catholic University of America, Washington D.C., DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168959743","https://openalex.org/I84470341"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"3107","last_page":"3110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.78380286693573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crosswind","display_name":"Crosswind","score":0.7233413457870483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.6003954410552979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-wave","display_name":"Wind wave","score":0.5054514408111572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.5026605129241943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.47466185688972473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.45841073989868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-roughness","display_name":"Surface roughness","score":0.45388633012771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-wave","display_name":"Surface wave","score":0.45189714431762695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4416692554950714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-finish","display_name":"Surface finish","score":0.42073509097099304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-physics","display_name":"Computational physics","score":0.41997361183166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3307725787162781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.29033613204956055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.29031097888946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20890679955482483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.1951991617679596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.14855080842971802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.1343105137348175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.11011907458305359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0975707471370697}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.78380286693573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95082708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931037","display_name":"Crosswind","level":2,"score":0.7233413457870483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.6003954410552979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165082838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165848","display_name":"Wind wave","level":2,"score":0.5054514408111572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5026605129241943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.47466185688972473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.45841073989868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107365816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114817","display_name":"Surface roughness","level":2,"score":0.45388633012771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84174578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889796","display_name":"Surface wave","level":2,"score":0.45189714431762695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4416692554950714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71039073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3439090","display_name":"Surface finish","level":2,"score":0.42073509097099304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.41997361183166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3307725787162781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.29033613204956055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.29031097888946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20890679955482483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.1951991617679596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.14855080842971802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1343105137348175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.11011907458305359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0975707471370697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2004.1370356","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2004.1370356","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International IEEE International IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2004. IGARSS '04. Proceedings. 2004","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W231652248","https://openalex.org/W316288299","https://openalex.org/W1587251493","https://openalex.org/W2082677017","https://openalex.org/W2138912759","https://openalex.org/W2172274611","https://openalex.org/W6609135093","https://openalex.org/W6610998278","https://openalex.org/W6635075297"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386922414","https://openalex.org/W4313638943","https://openalex.org/W1966522691","https://openalex.org/W4304014137","https://openalex.org/W3034740403","https://openalex.org/W2032025132","https://openalex.org/W4297916609","https://openalex.org/W2349732462","https://openalex.org/W3133982275","https://openalex.org/W2900649910"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,72,118],"Brown":[1,119],"&":[2,120],"Miller":[3,121],"model":[4,74,99,122],"for":[5,28,56,59,77],"the":[6,35,46,68,81,86,89,97,106,111,115],"coherent":[7,47],"component":[8,48],"of":[9,49,114],"rough":[10,50],"surface":[11,19],"forward":[12,52,135],"scattering":[13,53,136],"is":[14,24],"based":[15],"on":[16],"a":[17,134],"hat":[18],"geometric":[20],"optics":[21],"argument":[22],"and":[23,63,92,123],"unable":[25],"to":[26,45,54,85,110],"account":[27,55],"shadowing":[29,58,78],"effects":[30],"at":[31,138],"low":[32,139],"grazing":[33,140],"or":[34],"weakened":[36],"nulls":[37],"observed":[38],"in":[39,67],"experiments.":[40],"This":[41],"paper":[42],"develops":[43],"modifications":[44],"ocean":[51,116],"(1)":[57],"downwind":[60,73],"wave":[61,70],"conditions,":[62],"(2)":[64],"null":[65,102],"weakening":[66,103],"crosswind":[69,98],"conditions.":[71],"modification":[75,100],"accounts":[76,101],"by":[79,104],"calculating":[80],"interference":[82,107],"pattern":[83,108],"referenced":[84],"height":[87],"above":[88],"mean":[90],"illuminated":[91],"viewable":[93],"sea":[94],"surface.":[95,117],"Similarly,":[96],"averaging":[105],"due":[109],"vertical":[112],"undulations":[113],"proposed":[124],"models":[125],"are":[126],"compared":[127],"against":[128],"experimental":[129],"data":[130],"(X-band,":[131],"H-polarization)":[132],"from":[133],"measurement":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}