{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1504893685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2004.1370142","title":"A stochastic model for active fire detection using the thermal bands of MODIS data","display_name":"A stochastic model for active fire detection using the thermal bands of MODIS data","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1504893685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2004.1370142","mag":"1504893685"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2004.1370142","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2004.1370142","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International IEEE International IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2004. IGARSS '04. Proceedings. 2004","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040257549","display_name":"Soo Chin Liew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8342-4682"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soo Chin Liew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing, National University of Singapore, Singapore","Center for Remote Imaging Sensing & Process., Nat. Univ. of Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Remote Imaging Sensing & Process., Nat. Univ. of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Agnes Lim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Agnes Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing, National University of Singapore, Singapore","Center for Remote Imaging Sensing & Process., Nat. Univ. of Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Remote Imaging Sensing & Process., Nat. Univ. of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113521867","display_name":"Leong Keong Kwoh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leong Keong Kwoh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing, National University of Singapore, Singapore","Center for Remote Imaging Sensing & Process., Nat. Univ. of Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Remote Imaging Sensing & Process., Nat. Univ. of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06892157,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"4465","last_page":"4467"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness","display_name":"Brightness","score":0.7014788389205933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.7007374167442322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6200108528137207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6170647144317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6081768870353699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness-temperature","display_name":"Brightness temperature","score":0.5876975059509277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fire-detection","display_name":"Fire detection","score":0.5293615460395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5058510303497314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.45326682925224304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4332769513130188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4177687466144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.41147202253341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27937862277030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22758248448371887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18034830689430237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.17847591638565063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.17342662811279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.17173701524734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.14131611585617065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.7014788389205933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.7007374167442322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6200108528137207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6170647144317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6081768870353699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53802167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4538627","display_name":"Brightness temperature","level":3,"score":0.5876975059509277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780836893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19922674","display_name":"Fire detection","level":2,"score":0.5293615460395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5058510303497314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.45326682925224304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4332769513130188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4177687466144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.41147202253341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27937862277030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22758248448371887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18034830689430237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.17847591638565063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.17342662811279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.17173701524734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14131611585617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2004.1370142","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2004.1370142","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International IEEE International IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2004. IGARSS '04. Proceedings. 2004","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/112845","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/112845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966272358","https://openalex.org/W2039955993","https://openalex.org/W2039995444","https://openalex.org/W2047122864","https://openalex.org/W2055057957","https://openalex.org/W2066329033","https://openalex.org/W2077707938","https://openalex.org/W2086214226","https://openalex.org/W2151036870"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953058328","https://openalex.org/W1542224353","https://openalex.org/W1661087619","https://openalex.org/W2750730210","https://openalex.org/W2116854923","https://openalex.org/W2236974868","https://openalex.org/W1983414154","https://openalex.org/W2540909290","https://openalex.org/W2111586823","https://openalex.org/W2390005173"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Active":[0],"fire":[1,22,53,72],"detection":[2,23,54,107],"using":[3,84],"satellite":[4],"thermal":[5,87],"sensors":[6],"usually":[7],"involves":[8],"thresholding":[9],"the":[10,25,29,35,40,49,58,71,79,126],"detected":[11],"brightness":[12,26,36],"temperature":[13,27,37],"in":[14,28,57,78],"several":[15],"bands.":[16],"Most":[17],"frequently":[18],"used":[19],"features":[20],"for":[21,64,70,95,105],"are":[24,76,113],"4-micron":[30,41],"wavelength":[31],"band":[32],"(T4)":[33],"and":[34,42,73,94,99,128],"difference":[38],"between":[39],"11-micron":[43],"bands":[44],"(dT=T4-T11).":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47],"paper,":[48],"task":[50],"of":[51,60,97,125],"active":[52],"is":[55,109,121],"examined":[56],"context":[59],"a":[61,117,122],"stochastic":[62],"model":[63],"target":[65],"detection.":[66],"Probability":[67],"density":[68],"functions":[69],"background":[74],"pixels":[75],"computed":[77],"(T4,":[80],"dT)":[81],"feature":[82],"space":[83],"simulated":[85],"MODIS":[86],"data":[88],"under":[89],"different":[90],"atmospheric":[91],"humidity":[92],"conditions":[93],"cases":[96],"flaming":[98],"smoldering":[100],"fires.":[101],"The":[102],"Pareto":[103],"curve":[104],"each":[106],"case":[108],"constructed.":[110],"Optimal":[111],"thresholds":[112],"derived":[114],"by":[115],"minimizing":[116],"cost":[118],"function,":[119],"which":[120],"weighted":[123],"sum":[124],"omission":[127],"commission":[129],"errors":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}