{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1518889154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2004.1369918","title":"Estimation of snow pack characteristics and snow covered area in Boreal forests from ERS-2 SAR and envisat ASAR data","display_name":"Estimation of snow pack characteristics and snow covered area in Boreal forests from ERS-2 SAR and envisat ASAR data","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1518889154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2004.1369918","mag":"1518889154"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2004.1369918","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2004.1369918","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International IEEE International IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2004. IGARSS '04. Proceedings. 2004","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049229557","display_name":"Jouni Pulliainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-2920"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Pulliainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Space Technology, Helsinki University of Technology, HUT, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Space Technology, Helsinki University of Technology, HUT, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081080083","display_name":"Kari Luojus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-6005"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Luojus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Space Technology, Helsinki University of Technology, HUT, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Space Technology, Helsinki University of Technology, HUT, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110907633","display_name":"M. Hallikainen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Hallikainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Space Technology, Helsinki University of Technology, HUT, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Space Technology, Helsinki University of Technology, HUT, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029334954","display_name":"Sari Mets\u00e4m\u00e4ki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-4376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800424308","display_name":"Finnish Environment Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/013nat269","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800424308","https://openalex.org/I4210136438"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Metsamaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Environment Institute, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Environment Institute, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800424308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051729228","display_name":"J. Koskinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3657-8491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Koskinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064806515","display_name":"Juha-Petri K\u00e4rn\u00e4","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Karna","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042119751","display_name":"M. Huttunen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8603-9317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800424308","display_name":"Finnish Environment Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/013nat269","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800424308","https://openalex.org/I4210136438"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Huttunen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Environment Institute, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Environment Institute, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800424308"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034428928","display_name":"Sirpa Rasmus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8106-0299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Rasmus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Geophysics, University of Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Geophysics, University of Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"3680","last_page":"3683"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.9083502292633057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7610483765602112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7376558184623718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taiga","display_name":"Taiga","score":0.5894038677215576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-content","display_name":"Water content","score":0.5827394127845764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inversion","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","score":0.5617461800575256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5434312224388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moisture","display_name":"Moisture","score":0.47446590662002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4666941463947296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.31542539596557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3138706088066101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.13792333006858826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08854511380195618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.06874603033065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.061383068561553955}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.9083502292633057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7610483765602112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.7376558184623718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87621631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69564","display_name":"Taiga","level":2,"score":0.5894038677215576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.5827394127845764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.5617461800575256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5434312224388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176864760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217651","display_name":"Moisture","level":2,"score":0.47446590662002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4666941463947296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.31542539596557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3138706088066101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.13792333006858826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08854511380195618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.06874603033065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.061383068561553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2004.1369918","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2004.1369918","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International IEEE International IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2004. IGARSS '04. Proceedings. 2004","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534053224","https://openalex.org/W2085335861","https://openalex.org/W2101677516","https://openalex.org/W2138149909","https://openalex.org/W2144276030","https://openalex.org/W2166516820","https://openalex.org/W2168679095","https://openalex.org/W2250103259","https://openalex.org/W2601571608","https://openalex.org/W6691206438","https://openalex.org/W6735197528"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2314704010","https://openalex.org/W1584003442","https://openalex.org/W2317224478","https://openalex.org/W2084452007","https://openalex.org/W2996275564","https://openalex.org/W2060524912","https://openalex.org/W2242764613","https://openalex.org/W597570173","https://openalex.org/W2331727539","https://openalex.org/W4250354563"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Estimation":[0],"of":[1,11],"snow":[2,12],"moisture":[3,33],"(total":[4],"liquid":[5],"water":[6],"content)":[7],"and":[8,23],"the":[9,32],"fraction":[10],"covered":[13],"area":[14],"(SCA)":[15],"are":[16],"investigated":[17],"by":[18],"applying":[19],"multi-year":[20],"ERS-2":[21],"SAR":[22],"Envisat":[24],"ASAR":[25],"data":[26],"sets.":[27],"An":[28],"inversion":[29],"approach":[30],"for":[31,46],"retrieval":[34],"is":[35,43],"introduced.":[36],"The":[37],"results":[38],"suggest":[39],"that":[40],"C-band":[41],"radar":[42],"operationally":[44],"feasible":[45],"both":[47],"applications.":[48]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
