{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2118000619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2003.1294855","title":"Digital watermarking of spectral images in PCA/wavelet-transform domain","display_name":"Digital watermarking of spectral images in PCA/wavelet-transform domain","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2118000619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2003.1294855","mag":"2118000619"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2003.1294855","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2003.1294855","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067988452","display_name":"Arto Kaarna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9320-6504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63548447","display_name":"Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0208vgz68","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Kaarna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeeranta, Finland","Dept. of Information Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeeranta, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114254232","display_name":"Pekka Toivanen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63548447","display_name":"Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0208vgz68","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Toivanen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeeranta, Finland","Dept. of Information Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeeranta, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067988452"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6398,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85184176,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"3564","last_page":"3567"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.7549799084663391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lossy-compression","display_name":"Lossy compression","score":0.6803756952285767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.6504976153373718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6311090588569641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.6257425546646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6213797926902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5919225215911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.520264744758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.5079908967018127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-wavelet-transform","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","score":0.500938892364502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.43086397647857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.337886780500412}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.7549799084663391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165021410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55564","display_name":"Lossy compression","level":2,"score":0.6803756952285767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.6504976153373718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6311090588569641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.6257425546646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6213797926902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5919225215911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.520264744758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.5079908967018127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46286280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414958","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","level":4,"score":0.500938892364502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43086397647857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.337886780500412}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2003.1294855","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2003.1294855","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71407839","https://openalex.org/W1493698890","https://openalex.org/W1838617016","https://openalex.org/W2002030826","https://openalex.org/W2066021566","https://openalex.org/W2109729353","https://openalex.org/W2132283765","https://openalex.org/W2141852054","https://openalex.org/W2164413944","https://openalex.org/W2164587393","https://openalex.org/W2167501023","https://openalex.org/W6602937300","https://openalex.org/W6629628876","https://openalex.org/W6638821209"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137394636","https://openalex.org/W2358993821","https://openalex.org/W1516446231","https://openalex.org/W1559740347","https://openalex.org/W2098152888","https://openalex.org/W2040356834","https://openalex.org/W2385289568","https://openalex.org/W2381486749","https://openalex.org/W1514507288","https://openalex.org/W2183032046"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0,12],"imaging":[1],"continues":[2],"its":[3],"triumphal":[4],"march":[5],"especially":[6],"in":[7,44,86],"geoscience":[8],"and":[9,19,61],"remote":[10],"sensing.":[11],"information":[13],"can":[14],"be":[15],"easily":[16],"processed,":[17],"manipulated":[18],"copied.":[20],"Thus,":[21],"the":[22,49,57,63,67,70,80],"need":[23],"for":[24,37],"document":[25],"ownership":[26],"verification":[27],"arises.":[28],"In":[29],"this":[30],"study,":[31],"we":[32],"propose":[33],"a":[34,45],"watermarking":[35],"method":[36],"spectral":[38,50,72],"images.":[39],"The":[40,52,76],"watermark":[41,81],"is":[42,54,74,82],"embedded":[43],"transform":[46,53],"domain":[47],"of":[48],"image.":[51],"based":[55],"on":[56,62],"principal":[58],"component":[59],"analysis":[60],"wavelet":[64],"transform.":[65],"With":[66],"inverse":[68],"transforms":[69],"watermarked":[71],"image":[73],"reconstructed.":[75],"experiments":[77],"indicate":[78],"that":[79],"robust":[83],"against":[84,92],"attacks":[85],"lossy":[87],"compression":[88],"but":[89],"more":[90],"sensitive":[91],"mean":[93],"filtering.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}