{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2106260883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2003.1294599","title":"Estimating snow pack properties from passive microwave remote sensing observations using four-dimensional data assimilation","display_name":"Estimating snow pack properties from passive microwave remote sensing observations using four-dimensional data assimilation","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2106260883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2003.1294599","mag":"2106260883"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2003.1294599","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2003.1294599","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079758779","display_name":"Thomas Graf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0241-5328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Graf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101766542","display_name":"Toshio Koike","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7787-7868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Koike","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","Tokyo Daigaku, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, JP"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Daigaku, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, JP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033957866","display_name":"H. Fujji","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Fujji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Civil Eng., Tokyo Univ., Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Civil Eng., Tokyo Univ., Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109105263","display_name":"R. L. Armstrong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107766831","display_name":"NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05cvfcr44","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I2799356940","https://openalex.org/I4210141337","https://openalex.org/I4210150888"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Armstrong","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Snow & Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Snow & Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063092790","display_name":"Takeshi Yamazaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9649-4118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111818","display_name":"Institute for Global Environmental Strategies","ror":"https://ror.org/01sdhz737","country_code":"JP","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111818"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Yamazaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Frontier Observational Research System for Global Change, Yokohama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontier Observational Research System for Global Change, Yokohama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111818"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037513265","display_name":"Kouichi Nishimura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2521-2491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140163","display_name":"National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience","ror":"https://ror.org/04cwfse38","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140163"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Nishimura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nagaoka Institute of Snow and Ice Studies, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention Suyoshi, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nagaoka Institute of Snow and Ice Studies, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention Suyoshi, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140163"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24648845,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"2826","last_page":"2828"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.8246868848800659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-assimilation","display_name":"Data assimilation","score":0.7546523809432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.7503136396408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.712602436542511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5488371253013611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assimilation","display_name":"Assimilation (phonology)","score":0.48596060276031494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45844531059265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.38955992460250854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1770646572113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11582231521606445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08872285485267639}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.8246868848800659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24552861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670177","display_name":"Data assimilation","level":2,"score":0.7546523809432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.7503136396408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.712602436542511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5488371253013611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75649859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148877","display_name":"Assimilation (phonology)","level":2,"score":0.48596060276031494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45844531059265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.38955992460250854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1770646572113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11582231521606445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08872285485267639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2003.1294599","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2003.1294599","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W193288818","https://openalex.org/W1513820403","https://openalex.org/W1571562636","https://openalex.org/W1666744968","https://openalex.org/W1966866972","https://openalex.org/W1989723974","https://openalex.org/W2010521804","https://openalex.org/W2030605379","https://openalex.org/W2040951881","https://openalex.org/W2041863660","https://openalex.org/W2432517183","https://openalex.org/W2605527323","https://openalex.org/W2740301761","https://openalex.org/W2981264952","https://openalex.org/W3097169496","https://openalex.org/W3139853921","https://openalex.org/W6630872394"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2910852340","https://openalex.org/W2913143114","https://openalex.org/W2060524912","https://openalex.org/W2314704010","https://openalex.org/W1584003442","https://openalex.org/W4391897620","https://openalex.org/W2394447903","https://openalex.org/W2354237351","https://openalex.org/W4238891807"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"describes":[2],"the":[3,8,18,49],"first":[4],"steps":[5],"done":[6],"into":[7,37],"direction":[9],"of":[10,20],"an":[11],"four":[12],"dimensional":[13],"assimilation":[14],"scheme":[15,30],"(4DDA)":[16],"for":[17],"retrieval":[19],"snow":[21,41],"pack":[22],"properties":[23],"from":[24],"passive":[25,32],"microwave":[26,33],"remote":[27,34],"sensing.":[28],"The":[29],"assimilates":[31],"sensing":[35],"observation":[36],"a":[38],"physical":[39],"based":[40],"model.":[42],"Simulated":[43],"annealing":[44],"is":[45],"used":[46],"to":[47],"minimize":[48],"cost":[50],"function.":[51]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}