{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2165730600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2003.1294558","title":"An empirical model to retrieving ocean wave period from nadir altimeter data","display_name":"An empirical model to retrieving ocean wave period from nadir altimeter data","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2165730600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2003.1294558","mag":"2165730600"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2003.1294558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2003.1294558","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043285144","display_name":"Christine Gommenginger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6941-1671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197940685","display_name":"National Oceanography Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00874hx02","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.P. Gommenginger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southampton Oceanography Centre, Southampton, Hampshire, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southampton Oceanography Centre, Southampton, Hampshire, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078760699","display_name":"Meric Srokosz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7347-7411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197940685","display_name":"National Oceanography Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00874hx02","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.A. Srokosz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southampton Oceanography Centre, Southampton, Hampshire, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southampton Oceanography Centre, Southampton, Hampshire, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010767960","display_name":"Peter Challenor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8661-2718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197940685","display_name":"National Oceanography Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00874hx02","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P.G. Challenor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southampton Oceanography Centre, Southampton, Hampshire, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southampton Oceanography Centre, Southampton, Hampshire, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019768822","display_name":"P. D. Cotton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086870","display_name":"Satellite Observing Systems (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/000sb6642","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P.D. Cotton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Satellite Observing Systems, Godalming, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Satellite Observing Systems, Godalming, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9787,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76319493,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"2706","last_page":"2708"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altimeter","display_name":"Altimeter","score":0.8597351312637329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-state","display_name":"Sea state","score":0.8087966442108154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/significant-wave-height","display_name":"Significant wave height","score":0.7756468057632446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-height","display_name":"Wave height","score":0.6683887839317322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-wave","display_name":"Wind wave","score":0.6149478554725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-wave-model","display_name":"Wind wave model","score":0.6055976748466492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buoy","display_name":"Buoy","score":0.5703965425491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-altimeter","display_name":"Radar altimeter","score":0.5510245561599731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-surface-height","display_name":"Sea-surface height","score":0.5427085161209106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.5268812775611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.524777352809906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nadir","display_name":"Nadir","score":0.5240695476531982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5079737305641174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.4811512231826782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ocean-observations","display_name":"Ocean observations","score":0.4790003001689911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.4486897587776184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4338165521621704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.17331388592720032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.16562288999557495}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17534553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216197","display_name":"Altimeter","level":2,"score":0.8597351312637329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781147146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569795","display_name":"Sea state","level":2,"score":0.8087966442108154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85910571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2674049","display_name":"Significant wave height","level":3,"score":0.7756468057632446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70620910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q821563","display_name":"Wave height","level":2,"score":0.6683887839317322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165082838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165848","display_name":"Wind wave","level":2,"score":0.6149478554725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140927136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8024055","display_name":"Wind wave model","level":3,"score":0.6055976748466492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779847632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30026","display_name":"Buoy","level":2,"score":0.5703965425491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1104030","display_name":"Radar altimeter","level":3,"score":0.5510245561599731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142672198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7076157","display_name":"Sea-surface height","level":3,"score":0.5427085161209106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5268812775611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.524777352809906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88575799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145825","display_name":"Nadir","level":3,"score":0.5240695476531982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5079737305641174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4811512231826782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776248883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17154087","display_name":"Ocean observations","level":2,"score":0.4790003001689911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4486897587776184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4338165521621704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.17331388592720032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16562288999557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2003.1294558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2003.1294558","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:345927","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/345927/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597442968","https://openalex.org/W1990027451","https://openalex.org/W2008186179","https://openalex.org/W2069560926","https://openalex.org/W2090829004","https://openalex.org/W2115189693","https://openalex.org/W2135304533","https://openalex.org/W2136139703","https://openalex.org/W2139194027","https://openalex.org/W2742936538","https://openalex.org/W2793440034","https://openalex.org/W4239129607","https://openalex.org/W6742378089"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1932401576","https://openalex.org/W1953017668","https://openalex.org/W1745964090","https://openalex.org/W2983603732","https://openalex.org/W2902833919","https://openalex.org/W2155297530","https://openalex.org/W1985295069","https://openalex.org/W1603921787","https://openalex.org/W2020378487","https://openalex.org/W2066138973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"measurement":[1],"of":[2,8,40,73,80,103,135,139,146,188,196,213,235,249,259,271,276],"the":[3,33,38,70,100,133,140,147,194,211,219,233,242,269,272],"ocean":[4,35,56,64,87,149,155],"wave":[5,30,49,88,104,117,126,156,176,184,215,264,283,298,305,311],"period":[6,31,50,105,118,157,177,216,265,284,306],"is":[7,51,120,169,200,227,286],"much":[9],"scientific":[10],"interest":[11],"both":[12,231],"operationally":[13],"and":[14,18,26,43,57,60,66,128,143,203,229,293],"for":[15,53],"research.":[16],"Shipping":[17],"offshore":[19],"industries":[20],"are":[21,301],"keen":[22],"to":[23,36,63,181,240],"obtain":[24],"real-time":[25],"climatological":[27],"information":[28,106,119,158],"on":[29,77,183,193,268],"in":[32,179,223,230],"open":[34],"assist":[37],"design":[39],"sea-going":[41],"structures":[42],"maximise":[44],"safety":[45],"at":[46],"sea.":[47],"Similarly,":[48],"relevant":[52],"short-to-medium":[54],"term":[55],"weather":[58],"forecasting,":[59],"more":[61],"broadly,":[62],"circulation":[65],"climate":[67],"research,":[68],"given":[69],"reported":[71],"dependence":[72,222],"atmosphere-ocean":[74],"momentum":[75],"transfer":[76],"some":[78],"measure":[79],"sea":[81,189,220],"state":[82,190,221],"development.":[83],"In":[84,252],"principle,":[85],"full":[86],"spectra":[89,279],"can":[90,159],"be":[91,160],"obtained":[92],"from":[93,107,309],"satellite":[94,166,172],"synthetic":[95],"aperture":[96],"radars":[97],"(SAR),":[98],"yet":[99],"systematic":[101],"extraction":[102],"SAR":[108],"has":[109],"so":[110],"far":[111],"not":[112],"been":[113],"pursued.":[114],"Hence,":[115],"global":[116,296],"presently":[121],"available":[122],"only":[123,245],"through":[124],"numerical":[125,310],"models,":[127],"there":[129],"remain":[130],"concerns":[131],"about":[132],"lack":[134],"large":[136],"scale":[137],"validation":[138],"geographical":[141],"distribution":[142],"temporal":[144],"variability":[145],"modelled":[148],"waves.":[150],"Here,":[151],"we":[152,255],"propose":[153],"that":[154,171,182],"retrieved":[161],"with":[162,303],"adequate":[163],"accuracy":[164],"using":[165,288],"altimeters.":[167],"There":[168],"evidence":[170],"altimeter":[173,197,214],"data":[174],"contain":[175],"information,":[178],"addition":[180],"height.":[185],"The":[186,281],"existence":[187],"development":[191,212],"effects":[192],"retrieval":[195],"wind":[198],"speed":[199],"well":[201],"documented":[202],"a":[204,246,260],"few":[205],"earlier":[206],"studies":[207],"have":[208],"already":[209],"considered":[210],"models.":[217,312],"However,":[218],"these":[224],"semi-empirical":[225],"models":[226,243],"complex,":[228],"cases,":[232],"datasets":[234],"collocated":[236,277,290],"altimeter/buoy":[237,278,291],"measurements":[238],"used":[239],"develop":[241],"spanned":[244],"small":[247],"range":[248],"environmental":[250],"conditions.":[251],"this":[253],"paper,":[254],"present":[256],"preliminary":[257],"results":[258],"new,":[261],"purely":[262],"empirical,":[263],"algorithm":[266],"developed":[267],"basis":[270],"largest":[273],"to-date":[274],"dataset":[275],"measurements.":[280],"empirical":[282],"model":[285],"validated":[287],"independent":[289],"data,":[292],"by":[294],"computing":[295],"monthly":[297],"climatology.":[299],"These":[300],"compared":[302],"existing":[304],"climatologies":[307],"derived":[308]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
