{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2168015983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2003.1294105","title":"Modeling the SAR response of pine forest in Southern Finland","display_name":"Modeling the SAR response of pine forest in Southern Finland","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2168015983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2003.1294105","mag":"2168015983"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2003.1294105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2003.1294105","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038805423","display_name":"Mark Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9826-1721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1303474014","display_name":"Defence Science and Technology Group","ror":"https://ror.org/05ddrvt52","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303474014","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I3139952251"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.L. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imaging Radar Systems Group, DSTO Australia, Edinburgh, SA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imaging Radar Systems Group, DSTO Australia, Edinburgh, SA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1303474014"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072045352","display_name":"Terhikki Manninen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8945-9122"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Manninen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vantaa Research Centre, Finnish Forestry Research Institute, Vantaa, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vantaa Research Centre, Finnish Forestry Research Institute, Vantaa, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109462345","display_name":"Seppo Kellom\u00e4ki","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Kellomaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vantaa Research Centre, Finnish Forestry Research Institute, Vantaa, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vantaa Research Centre, Finnish Forestry Research Institute, Vantaa, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091189334","display_name":"Veli\u2010Pekka Ikonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1732-2922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V.-P. Ikonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems, Remote Sensing, VTT Information Technology, Finland","Meteorological research, Ozone and UV radiation research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems, Remote Sensing, VTT Information Technology, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meteorological research, Ozone and UV radiation research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040137089","display_name":"Risto Siev\u00e4nen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Sievanen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forest Ecology, University of Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forest Ecology, University of Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090899811","display_name":"Mika Lehtonen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Lehtonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu, Joensuu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu, Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082383268","display_name":"Eero Nikinmaa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4956-3069"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Nikinmaa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu, Joensuu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu, Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012164681","display_name":"Timo Vesala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4852-7464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Vesala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.5472,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98846109,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"1350","last_page":"1352"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-elevation-model","display_name":"Digital elevation model","score":0.7130650877952576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6645073294639587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6420505046844482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.5666811466217041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.4717562794685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.45546209812164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractional-brownian-motion","display_name":"Fractional Brownian motion","score":0.4322344660758972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texture","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","score":0.4239882826805115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.38857316970825195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2819165587425232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20341888070106506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.19021877646446228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.17554154992103577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brownian-motion","display_name":"Brownian motion","score":0.12122982740402222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09205061197280884}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.7130650877952576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6645073294639587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6420505046844482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.5666811466217041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4717562794685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.45546209812164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108819105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143293","display_name":"Fractional Brownian motion","level":3,"score":0.4322344660758972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q289436","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","level":3,"score":0.4239882826805115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.38857316970825195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2819165587425232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20341888070106506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.19021877646446228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.17554154992103577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112401455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178036","display_name":"Brownian motion","level":2,"score":0.12122982740402222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09205061197280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2003.1294105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2003.1294105","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:jukuri.luke.fi:10024/510898","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://jukuri.luke.fi/handle/10024/510898","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400569","display_name":"Jukuri (Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3017910207","host_organization_name":"Natural Resources Institute Finland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3017910207"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"fi=M2 Esitelm\u00e4 tai posteri|sv=M2 Presentation|en=M2 Presentation or poster|"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084670992","https://openalex.org/W2106997587","https://openalex.org/W2127533243","https://openalex.org/W2540433178","https://openalex.org/W2799896816","https://openalex.org/W6671777659"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3148155918","https://openalex.org/W2462682329","https://openalex.org/W2053526712","https://openalex.org/W4206741056","https://openalex.org/W3040595263","https://openalex.org/W1621772017","https://openalex.org/W4239147863","https://openalex.org/W2909855017","https://openalex.org/W2352163239","https://openalex.org/W2903781741"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ground":[0],"data,":[1],"biologically":[2],"accurate":[3],"model":[4,18,34],"trees,":[5],"an":[6],"optical":[7],"mosaic,":[8],"a":[9,15,20,32],"ground":[10],"digital":[11],"elevation":[12],"model,":[13],"and":[14,43,63,72],"top":[16],"surface":[17],"for":[19],"forested":[21,55],"site":[22,56],"at":[23],"Tuusula,":[24],"Southern":[25],"Finland":[26],"have":[27],"been":[28],"used":[29],"to":[30],"construct":[31],"natural":[33],"forest.":[35],"Model":[36],"calculations":[37],"include":[38],"the":[39,54],"SAR":[40,45,51,60],"imaging":[41],"process":[42],"predict":[44],"image":[46,61],"structure.":[47],"CARABAS":[48],"low":[49],"frequency":[50],"images":[52],"of":[53],"are":[57],"compared":[58],"with":[59,76],"calculations,":[62],"fractional":[64],"Brownian":[65],"motion":[66],"based":[67],"texture":[68],"images.":[69],"Simulated":[70],"intensities":[71],"textures":[73],"agree":[74],"well":[75],"observation.":[77]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}