{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2168427581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2003.1293952","title":"Active rain gauge concept for moderate to heavy precipitation using W-band and S-band Doppler radars","display_name":"Active rain gauge concept for moderate to heavy precipitation using W-band and S-band Doppler radars","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2168427581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2003.1293952","mag":"2168427581"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2003.1293952","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2003.1293952","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054008258","display_name":"Leyda V. Leon-Colon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60388903","display_name":"University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez","ror":"https://ror.org/00wek6x04","country_code":"PR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200399037","https://openalex.org/I60388903"]}],"countries":["PR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L.V. Leon-Colon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cloud Microwave Measurements of Atmospheric Events (CLiMMATE), Universitity of Puerto Rico, Mayag\u00fcez, PR, Puerto Rico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cloud Microwave Measurements of Atmospheric Events (CLiMMATE), Universitity of Puerto Rico, Mayag\u00fcez, PR, Puerto Rico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60388903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111919100","display_name":"Sandra Cruz-Pol","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60388903","display_name":"University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez","ror":"https://ror.org/00wek6x04","country_code":"PR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200399037","https://openalex.org/I60388903"]}],"countries":["PR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.L. Cruz-Pol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cloud Microwave Measurements of Atmospheric Events (CLiMMATE), Universitity of Puerto Rico, Mayag\u00fcez, PR, Puerto Rico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cloud Microwave Measurements of Atmospheric Events (CLiMMATE), Universitity of Puerto Rico, Mayag\u00fcez, PR, Puerto Rico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60388903"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034523249","display_name":"S.M. Sekelsky","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.M. Sekelsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13058737,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"884","last_page":"886"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rain-gauge","display_name":"Rain gauge","score":0.8488640785217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.7414603233337402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disdrometer","display_name":"Disdrometer","score":0.589234471321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.5679906606674194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5600153207778931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.549306333065033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-radar","display_name":"Doppler radar","score":0.5366755127906799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.5123487710952759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drop","display_name":"Drop (telecommunication)","score":0.481398344039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.45460763573646545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-physics","display_name":"Cloud physics","score":0.43752118945121765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.30430227518081665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.28663527965545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2656843364238739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18602746725082397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0706968605518341}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120961793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190052","display_name":"Rain gauge","level":3,"score":0.8488640785217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.7414603233337402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116810829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230193","display_name":"Disdrometer","level":4,"score":0.589234471321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5679906606674194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5600153207778931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.549306333065033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778559676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334213","display_name":"Doppler radar","level":3,"score":0.5366755127906799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.5123487710952759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781345722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5308388","display_name":"Drop (telecommunication)","level":2,"score":0.481398344039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.45460763573646545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776884238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3382037","display_name":"Cloud physics","level":3,"score":0.43752118945121765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.30430227518081665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28663527965545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2656843364238739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18602746725082397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0706968605518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2003.1293952","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2003.1293952","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028845627","https://openalex.org/W2156921036","https://openalex.org/W2179375492","https://openalex.org/W4255775350"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070590819","https://openalex.org/W2110448424","https://openalex.org/W4320082366","https://openalex.org/W22269195","https://openalex.org/W2180449666","https://openalex.org/W2319299270","https://openalex.org/W2959656812","https://openalex.org/W2030699808","https://openalex.org/W1633535383","https://openalex.org/W2025700125"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Previous":[0],"research":[1],"studies":[2],"have":[3,16,31],"used":[4,33,179],"multifrequency":[5],"radar":[6,52],"Doppler":[7],"spectra":[8],"to":[9,34,77,132,135,180],"study":[10,181],"different":[11],"aspects":[12],"of":[13,69,83,90,100,185],"precipitation,":[14],"and":[15,41,58,146,159,173],"demonstrated":[17],"its":[18],"utility":[19],"as":[20,121,142],"an":[21],"accurate":[22,88],"profiling":[23,51],"raingauge":[24],"method":[25],"(Firda,":[26],"1999).":[27],"Recently":[28],"this":[29],"concept":[30,76],"been":[32],"retrieve":[35,136],"the":[36,73,84,91,98,110,157,174,182],"drop":[37,143,170],"size":[38,144,171],"distribution":[39,145,172],"(DSD)":[40],"vertical":[42,92,147,175],"air":[43,93,148,176],"motion":[44,94,149,177],"in":[45,95,103,164],"rain":[46,70,79,102,186],"using":[47],"a":[48,65],"dual-frequency":[49],"cloud":[50,138],"system,":[53],"operating":[54],"at":[55,156],"33GHz":[56],"(Ka-band)":[57],"95GHz":[59],"(W-band),":[60],"will":[61,86,114,118,187],"provide":[62,87],"measurements":[63],"over":[64],"wider":[66],"dynamic":[67],"range":[68],"conditions,":[71],"extending":[72],"active":[74],"rain-gauge":[75],"heavier":[78],"rates.":[80],"The":[81],"use":[82],"W-bandsignal":[85],"measurement":[89],"rain.":[96],"Considering":[97],"conditions":[99],"heavy":[101],"which":[104],"case":[105],"large":[106],"nonspherical":[107],"raindrops":[108],"exist,":[109],"actual":[111],"drop's":[112],"shapes":[113],"be":[115,119,188],"corrected.":[116],"Data":[117],"processed":[120],"suggested":[122],"by":[123],"Firda":[124],"et":[125],"al.,":[126],"1999.":[127],"This":[128],"research's":[129],"goal":[130],"is":[131],"develop":[133],"software":[134],"several":[137],"characterization":[139],"parameters,":[140],"such":[141],"from":[150],"collected":[151],"data":[152],"during":[153],"November":[154],"2001":[155],"Cloud":[158],"Radiation":[160],"Testbed":[161],"(CART)":[162],"site":[163],"Lamont,":[165],"Oklahoma.":[166],"Rain":[167],"rate":[168],"estimates,":[169],"retrieval":[178],"inner":[183],"processes":[184],"presented.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}