{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2105063493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2002.1027209","title":"Adaptive difference of Gaussians to improve subsurface imagery","display_name":"Adaptive difference of Gaussians to improve subsurface imagery","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2105063493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2002.1027209","mag":"2105063493"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2002.1027209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2002.1027209","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073577367","display_name":"Xiaoyin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0813-7979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Subsurface Sensing and Imaging System, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","[Center for Subsurface Sensing and Imaging Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Subsurface Sensing and Imaging System, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Center for Subsurface Sensing and Imaging Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073127824","display_name":"Eric L. Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3156-6002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E.L. Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Subsurface Sensing and Imaging System, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","[Center for Subsurface Sensing and Imaging Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Subsurface Sensing and Imaging System, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Center for Subsurface Sensing and Imaging Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073577367"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19891764,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"3441","last_page":"3443"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10271","display_name":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specular-reflection","display_name":"Specular reflection","score":0.9544870257377625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.8410452604293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.6809753775596619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.5478347539901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5154853463172913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5011084079742432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.49887871742248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.48115575313568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46105825901031494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.43426239490509033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.3841080069541931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3644002079963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24460819363594055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23707365989685059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08523896336555481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118381688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079524","display_name":"Specular reflection","level":2,"score":0.9544870257377625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.8410452604293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.6809753775596619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.5478347539901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5154853463172913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5011084079742432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.49887871742248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.48115575313568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46105825901031494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.43426239490509033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.3841080069541931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3644002079963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24460819363594055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23707365989685059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08523896336555481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2002.1027209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2002.1027209","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489128647","https://openalex.org/W2100115174","https://openalex.org/W2153405128","https://openalex.org/W4212783130"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4315471419","https://openalex.org/W2946057701","https://openalex.org/W4386931161","https://openalex.org/W2374146176","https://openalex.org/W2065249286","https://openalex.org/W2366839571","https://openalex.org/W4223960160","https://openalex.org/W2027762722","https://openalex.org/W2356754952","https://openalex.org/W3090858966"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,164],"detection":[1,34,160],"of":[2,26,53,72,116,131,161,171],"landmines":[3],"using":[4],"ground":[5],"penetrating":[6],"radar":[7],"(GPR),":[8],"the":[9,14,19,40,48,70,78,85,98,103,110,126,132,136,165,167,183,186,198,203,209,233,237,242],"most":[10],"significant":[11],"interference":[12],"is":[13,56,134,180,206,220,229,249],"specular":[15,20,41,79,99,216,243],"reflection.":[16,244],"Compared":[17],"with":[18,125,208],"reflection,":[21],"landmine":[22,49,104,223,246],"scattered":[23,50,105,224,247],"signals":[24],"are":[25,94,173,194],"small":[27],"amplitude":[28],"and":[29,101,119,123,202],"difficult":[30],"to":[31,96,144,154,158,185,196,240],"observe.":[32],"Better":[33],"results":[35],"can":[36,43,140],"be":[37,44,141],"obtained":[38,230],"if":[39],"reflection":[42,80,100,217],"well":[45],"separated":[46],"from":[47,64,88,182,236],"signals.":[51,106],"Difference":[52],"Gaussians":[54,172],"(DOG)":[55],"an":[57,65,89,150,214],"operation":[58],"that":[59,135],"generates":[60],"a":[61,73,177,221],"sharp":[62],"image":[63,179,228,239],"original":[66,90,127,238],"image,":[67,75,92],"i.e.":[68],"in":[69],"case":[71],"GPR":[74,91,156,178],"it":[76],"keeps":[77],"intact.":[81],"Therefore":[82],"by":[83,231],"subtracting":[84,232],"DOG":[86,108,133,152],"output":[87,212,235],"we":[93],"able":[95],"remove":[97,241],"enhance":[102],"The":[107,211,226,245],"takes":[109],"difference":[111],"between":[112],"two":[113,137,168,192,199],"Gaussian":[114],"curves":[115],"zero":[117],"means":[118],"different":[120,146],"standard":[121,138,169,200],"deviations":[122,139,170,201],"convolves":[124],"image.":[128],"One":[129],"advantage":[130],"chosen":[142],"properly":[143],"suit":[145],"applications.":[147],"We":[148],"develop":[149],"adaptive":[151],"(ADOG)":[153],"process":[155],"images":[157],"improve":[159],"buried":[162],"landmines.":[163],"ADOG,":[166],"computed":[174],"adaptively":[175],"as":[176],"scanned":[181],"top":[184],"bottom":[187],"row.":[188],"At":[189],"each":[190],"row,":[191],"windows":[193],"used":[195],"calculate":[197],"current":[204],"row":[205],"convolved":[207],"DOG.":[210],"has":[213],"unchanged":[215],"while":[218],"there":[219],"reduced":[222],"signal.":[225],"final":[227],"ADOG":[234],"signal":[248],"greatly":[250],"enhanced,":[251],"allowing":[252],"more":[253],"accurate":[254],"detection.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
