{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2137776194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2002.1026714","title":"Land cover classification of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR) data based on scattering mechanisms and complex Wishart distribution","display_name":"Land cover classification of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR) data based on scattering mechanisms and complex Wishart distribution","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2137776194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2002.1026714","mag":"2137776194"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2002.1026714","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2002.1026714","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075892393","display_name":"K.Y. Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.Y. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing, National University of Singapore, Singapore","Centre for Remote Imaging Sensing & Process., Nat. Univ. of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Remote Imaging Sensing & Process., Nat. Univ. of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040257549","display_name":"Soo Chin Liew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8342-4682"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soo Chin Liew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing, National University of Singapore, Singapore","Centre for Remote Imaging Sensing & Process., Nat. Univ. of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Remote Imaging Sensing & Process., Nat. Univ. of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113521867","display_name":"Leong Keong Kwoh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leong Keong Kwoh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing, National University of Singapore, Singapore","Centre for Remote Imaging Sensing & Process., Nat. Univ. of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Remote Imaging Sensing & Process., Nat. Univ. of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23845775,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"2602","last_page":"2604"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wishart-distribution","display_name":"Wishart distribution","score":0.9488939046859741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarimetry","display_name":"Polarimetry","score":0.7974382042884827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speckle-pattern","display_name":"Speckle pattern","score":0.6655580997467041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6468225717544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6417337656021118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.6084513664245605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.5629143714904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5142257213592529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.490018755197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.4884747564792633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.474265456199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4446888864040375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41074082255363464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.26244738698005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.24980789422988892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.13364648818969727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.10545298457145691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09190255403518677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.0869048535823822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.07975947856903076}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33962027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930697","display_name":"Wishart distribution","level":3,"score":0.9488939046859741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28493345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899381","display_name":"Polarimetry","level":3,"score":0.7974382042884827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102290492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045","display_name":"Speckle pattern","level":2,"score":0.6655580997467041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6468225717544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6417337656021118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.6084513664245605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.5629143714904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5142257213592529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.490018755197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.4884747564792633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.474265456199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4446888864040375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41074082255363464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.26244738698005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.24980789422988892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.13364648818969727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.10545298457145691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09190255403518677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0869048535823822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.07975947856903076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2002.1026714","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2002.1026714","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/112876","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/112876","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115226769","https://openalex.org/W2130762895","https://openalex.org/W2134049738","https://openalex.org/W2137917662","https://openalex.org/W2549205681","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6729774328"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2146312983","https://openalex.org/W2389605595","https://openalex.org/W2065601395","https://openalex.org/W2123581770","https://openalex.org/W3134381438","https://openalex.org/W2057690963","https://openalex.org/W2118598748","https://openalex.org/W2011956837","https://openalex.org/W2108933226","https://openalex.org/W2553651735"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,26,120],"use":[1],"of":[2,40,70,83,103,114],"C-":[3,130],"and":[4,79,117,131,136,151],"L-band":[5,132],"polarimetric":[6,52],"synthetic":[7],"aperture":[8],"radar":[9],"(POLSAR)":[10],"data":[11,28,133,156],"for":[12,61,124],"classifying":[13],"land":[14],"cover":[15],"features":[16],"in":[17,23,73,110,157],"a":[18],"tropical":[19],"area":[20],"is":[21],"investigated":[22],"this":[24],"study.":[25],"POLSAR":[27],"were":[29,97,134],"acquired":[30],"during":[31],"the":[32,37,50,57,67,74,84,101,104,147,158],"NASA/JPL":[33],"PACRIM-1":[34],"mission":[35],"over":[36],"northern":[38],"part":[39],"Peninsular":[41],"Malaysia":[42],"on":[43],"3rd":[44],"December":[45],"1996.":[46],"Prior":[47],"to":[48,56,107,141],"classification,":[49,66,106],"Lee":[51],"filter":[53],"was":[54,77,143],"applied":[55],"complex":[58],"covariance":[59],"matrix":[60],"speckle":[62],"suppression.":[63],"In":[64],"unsupervised":[65,105],"scattering":[68],"mechanism":[69],"each":[71],"pixel":[72],"speckle-suppressed":[75],"images":[76],"analyzed":[78],"grouped":[80],"into":[81],"one":[82],"three":[85],"categories:":[86],"(1)":[87],"odd-bounce,":[88],"(2)":[89],"even-bounce,":[90],"or":[91],"(3)":[92],"diffuse":[93],"scattering.":[94],"Training":[95],"samples":[96],"then":[98],"generated":[99],"from":[100],"outputs":[102],"be":[108],"used":[109],"subsequent":[111],"supervised":[112],"classifications":[113],"various":[115],"frequency":[116],"polarization":[118],"combinations.":[119],"Kappa":[121],"statistics":[122],"computed":[123],"classification":[125],"using":[126,146],"single-frequency":[127],"fully":[128,154],"polarized":[129,155],"0.69":[135],"0.73,":[137],"respectively.":[138],"An":[139],"improvement":[140],"0.79":[142],"achieved":[144],"by":[145],"dual-frequency":[148],"(combined":[149],"C":[150],"L":[152],"bands),":[153],"classification.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
