{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2160380187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2002.1026298","title":"Sea ice classification using multi-frequency polarimetric SAR data","display_name":"Sea ice classification using multi-frequency polarimetric SAR data","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2160380187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2002.1026298","mag":"2160380187"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2002.1026298","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2002.1026298","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047315151","display_name":"B. Scheuchl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5947-7709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B. Scheuchl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., British Columbia Univ., Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., British Columbia Univ., Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053177233","display_name":"Irena Hajnsek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0926-3283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Hajnsek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department SAR Technology, Institute for Radio Frequency Technology and Radar Systems, German Aerospace Center, Germany","[Department SAR Technology, Institute for Radio Frequency Technology and Radar Systems, German Aerospace Center, Germany]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department SAR Technology, Institute for Radio Frequency Technology and Radar Systems, German Aerospace Center, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department SAR Technology, Institute for Radio Frequency Technology and Radar Systems, German Aerospace Center, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057060251","display_name":"I. Cumming","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3537-2157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Cumming","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047315151"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8586,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90066688,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"1914","last_page":"1916"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wishart-distribution","display_name":"Wishart distribution","score":0.9304665327072144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6792765855789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5733613967895508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5656139254570007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5512580871582031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5500392913818359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarimetry","display_name":"Polarimetry","score":0.4818490743637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice","display_name":"Sea ice","score":0.4526890516281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3884306848049164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.30339473485946655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.18450331687927246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.1516762673854828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1322018802165985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.07299777865409851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.06724521517753601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33962027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930697","display_name":"Wishart distribution","level":3,"score":0.9304665327072144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6792765855789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5733613967895508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5656139254570007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5512580871582031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5500392913818359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28493345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899381","display_name":"Polarimetry","level":3,"score":0.4818490743637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.4526890516281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3884306848049164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.30339473485946655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18450331687927246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.1516762673854828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1322018802165985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.07299777865409851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.06724521517753601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2002.1026298","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2002.1026298","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.406.8928","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.406.8928","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://sar.ece.ubc.ca/papers/IGARSS02_Multi_Frequency_858.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:6063","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://elib.dlr.de/6063/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Konferenzbeitrag"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1665737565","https://openalex.org/W1985194020","https://openalex.org/W2001337397","https://openalex.org/W2115125446","https://openalex.org/W2161495404","https://openalex.org/W2169320207","https://openalex.org/W2317704377"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2146312983","https://openalex.org/W2389605595","https://openalex.org/W1980855913","https://openalex.org/W1586339758","https://openalex.org/W3131856045","https://openalex.org/W2364482911","https://openalex.org/W2078787338","https://openalex.org/W2116891586","https://openalex.org/W2132065636","https://openalex.org/W2123581770"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"discusses":[2],"the":[3,6,28,32,39,54,72,98,109,115],"capability":[4],"of":[5,82],"complex":[7],"Wishart":[8,41,65,88],"classifier":[9,42,66,89],"for":[10],"sea":[11],"ice":[12],"and":[13,23,56],"classification":[14,49,62,99,111,122],"using":[15,38,60],"multifrequency,":[16],"fully":[17],"polarimetric":[18],"SAR":[19],"data.":[20],"C-,":[21],"L-,":[22],"P-band":[24],"data":[25],"acquired":[26],"by":[27],"JPL":[29],"AIRSAR":[30],"in":[31,69],"Beaufort":[33],"Sea":[34],"was":[35,90],"used.":[36],"Classification":[37],"unsupervised":[40],"is":[43,50,85],"a":[44,102,125,131,135],"two-stage":[45],"process.":[46],"An":[47],"initial":[48,110,121],"required":[51],"to":[52,92,113,130],"seed":[53],"algorithm":[55],"can":[57],"be":[58,93],"derived":[59,123],"other":[61],"methods.":[63],"The":[64,80,87],"then":[67],"used":[68,112],"iterations":[70,104],"where":[71],"class":[73,117],"means":[74],"are":[75],"updated":[76],"after":[77,101,134],"every":[78],"step.":[79],"convergence":[81],"this":[83],"approach":[84],"investigated.":[86],"found":[91],"extremely":[94],"dominant":[95],"so":[96],"that":[97],"result":[100,133],"few":[103,136],"depends":[105],"not":[106],"necessarily":[107],"on":[108],"derive":[114],"first":[116],"means.":[118],"Even":[119],"an":[120],"with":[124],"random":[126],"number":[127],"generator":[128],"leads":[129],"good":[132],"iterations.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
