{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1614262286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2002.1026123","title":"High pulse repetition rate, eye safe, visible wavelength lidar systems: Design, results and potential","display_name":"High pulse repetition rate, eye safe, visible wavelength lidar systems: Design, results and potential","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1614262286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2002.1026123","mag":"1614262286"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2002.1026123","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2002.1026123","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1272595","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049872113","display_name":"James D. Spinhirne","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Spinhirne","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center,Greenbelt MD,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center,Greenbelt MD,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055153585","display_name":"T. Berkoff","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79272384","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Berkoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Goddard Earth Science Technology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Greenbelt, MD, USA","Maryland Univ. Baltimore County Catonsville, MD United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Goddard Earth Science Technology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Greenbelt, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maryland Univ. Baltimore County Catonsville, MD United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031904325","display_name":"Ellsworth J. Welton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0208-4861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79272384","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Welton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Goddard Earth Science Technology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Greenbelt, MD, USA","Maryland Univ. Baltimore County Catonsville, MD United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Goddard Earth Science Technology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Greenbelt, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maryland Univ. Baltimore County Catonsville, MD United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037413369","display_name":"James R. Campbell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0251-4550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144891","display_name":"Science Systems and Applications (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03xec1444","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Campbell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, USA","Science Systems and Applications, Inc. Greenbelt, MD United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science Systems and Applications, Inc. Greenbelt, MD United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049872113"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.007,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86598224,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"1382","last_page":"1383"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13869","display_name":"Ocular and Laser Science Research","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.8153650760650635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6208598017692566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5381771922111511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repetition","display_name":"Repetition (rhetorical device)","score":0.5305464863777161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength","display_name":"Wavelength","score":0.5109092593193054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.42710641026496887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3528668284416199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3254171311855316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14955416321754456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.14268112182617188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.8153650760650635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6208598017692566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5381771922111511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776141515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1274479","display_name":"Repetition (rhetorical device)","level":2,"score":0.5305464863777161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.5109092593193054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.42710641026496887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3528668284416199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3254171311855316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14955416321754456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14268112182617188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2002.1026123","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2002.1026123","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:1272595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1272595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:1272595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1272595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W280006678","https://openalex.org/W2022810714","https://openalex.org/W2034642540","https://openalex.org/W2034688010","https://openalex.org/W2126287893","https://openalex.org/W4242931674","https://openalex.org/W6610222997","https://openalex.org/W6655928934"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2351984678","https://openalex.org/W1964041166","https://openalex.org/W2140032575","https://openalex.org/W2011860471","https://openalex.org/W3011451421","https://openalex.org/W2012196540","https://openalex.org/W196913356","https://openalex.org/W2990163740"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,1,60],"1993":[2],"the":[3,6,61,79,91,102],"first":[4],"of":[5,30,40,52,63,65,78,109],"eye":[7,95],"safe":[8,96],"visible":[9],"wavelength":[10],"lidar":[11],"systems":[12,32,111],"known":[13],"now":[14],"as":[15],"Micro":[16],"Pulse":[17],"Lidar":[18],"(MPL)":[19],"became":[20],"operational.":[21],"Since":[22],"that":[23],"time":[24,38],"there":[25,68],"have":[26,69],"been":[27,70],"several":[28],"dozen":[29],"these":[31,66],"produced":[33],"and":[34,43,76,85,101,106],"applied":[35],"for":[36,90],"full":[37],"profiling":[39],"atmospheric":[41],"cloud":[42],"aerosol":[44],"structure.":[45],"There":[46,81],"is":[47],"currently":[48],"an":[49],"observational":[50],"network":[51,100],"MPL":[53,99,110],"sites":[54],"to":[55],"support":[56],"global":[57],"climate":[58],"research.":[59],"course":[62],"application":[64],"instruments":[67],"significant":[71],"improvements":[72],"in":[73],"understanding,":[74],"design":[75,105],"performance":[77],"systems.":[80],"are":[82,112],"addition":[83],"potential":[84,108],"applications":[86],"beyond":[87],"current":[88,103],"practice":[89],"high":[92],"repetition":[93],"rate,":[94],"designs.":[97],"The":[98],"capability,":[104],"future":[107],"described.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
