{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2128155414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2002.1025721","title":"Large area forest classification and biophysical parameter estimation using the 5-scale reflectance model in multiple-forward-mode","display_name":"Large area forest classification and biophysical parameter estimation using the 5-scale reflectance model in multiple-forward-mode","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2128155414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2002.1025721","mag":"2128155414"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2002.1025721","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2002.1025721","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044783690","display_name":"Derek R. Peddle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3559-2715"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107949126","display_name":"University of Lethbridge","ror":"https://ror.org/044j76961","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107949126"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D.R. Peddle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107949126"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108384913","display_name":"Ryan Johnson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107949126","display_name":"University of Lethbridge","ror":"https://ror.org/044j76961","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107949126"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.L. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107949126"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048050592","display_name":"J. Cihlar","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Cihlar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Monitoring Section, Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ONT, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Monitoring Section, Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057792515","display_name":"B. Guindon","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Guindon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Monitoring Section, Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ONT, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Monitoring Section, Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019660149","display_name":"R. Latifovic","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Latifovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Monitoring Section, Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ONT, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Monitoring Section, Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044783690"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107949126"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.803,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74642435,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"896","last_page":"898"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6958386301994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.6761382818222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.635352373123169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.5731220245361328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.4673597812652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.4595344066619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4009894132614136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3706388771533966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32112330198287964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3202086091041565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.19759362936019897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1631838083267212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.09759441018104553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.09281587600708008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08055883646011353}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6958386301994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.6761382818222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.635352373123169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.5731220245361328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.4673597812652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.4595344066619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4009894132614136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3706388771533966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32112330198287964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3202086091041565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.19759362936019897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1631838083267212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.09759441018104553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.09281587600708008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08055883646011353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2002.1025721","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2002.1025721","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015799298","https://openalex.org/W2036245074","https://openalex.org/W2044801930","https://openalex.org/W2056197778","https://openalex.org/W2089052758","https://openalex.org/W2104889781","https://openalex.org/W2132926714","https://openalex.org/W2324415131","https://openalex.org/W6675444095","https://openalex.org/W6700920816"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4295532600","https://openalex.org/W2063823869","https://openalex.org/W2047973478","https://openalex.org/W2067569035","https://openalex.org/W2090985514","https://openalex.org/W2113666009","https://openalex.org/W2356841320","https://openalex.org/W2885323543","https://openalex.org/W2145649715","https://openalex.org/W2220635983"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,114],"multiple-forward-mode":[1],"approach":[2,106,118,200],"to":[3,73,117,142,212],"running":[4],"the":[5,83,93,125,155,202],"5-scale":[6],"geometric-optical":[7],"reflectance":[8,65],"model":[9,49],"(MFM-5-scale)":[10],"provides":[11],"an":[12,194],"inversion,":[13],"modeling":[14,210],"capability":[15],"for":[16],"powerful":[17],"but":[18,42,123],"non-invertible":[19],"models,":[20],"and":[21,26,48,63,103,112,138,197],"yields":[22],"both":[23],"landcover":[24,196],"classification":[25,95,130],"forest":[27,137,146],"biophysical-structural":[28],"information.":[29],"Unlike":[30],"regular":[31],"forward":[32],"mode,":[33],"MFM-5-scale":[34,70,129,159,207],"does":[35],"not":[36,183],"require":[37],"exact":[38],"physical":[39,208],"stand":[40],"descriptors,":[41],"instead":[43],"requires":[44],"only":[45],"input":[46],"ranges":[47],"increments":[50],"which":[51,107],"are":[52],"more":[53],"easily":[54],"obtained,":[55],"with":[56,89,92,154,175],"results":[57,90,188],"determined":[58],"by":[59,185],"matching":[60],"satellite":[61],"image":[62],"modeled":[64],"values.":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68],"work,":[69],"was":[71,116,150,168],"applied":[72],"a":[74,98,132],"mosaic":[75],"of":[76,127,131,135,145,162,206],"7":[77],"multiyear":[78],"Landsat":[79],"TM":[80],"scenes":[81],"covering":[82],"BOREAS":[84,164],"region":[85],"in":[86,151],"western":[87],"Canada,":[88],"compared":[91,174,211],"enhancement":[94],"method":[96],"(ECM),":[97],"highly":[99],"accurate":[100],"yet":[101],"subjective":[102],"labour":[104],"intensive":[105],"involves":[108],"considerable":[109],"user":[110],"judgement":[111],"expertise.":[113],"goal":[115],"ECM":[119,156],"accuracy":[120],"using":[121],"MFM-5-scale,":[122],"without":[124],"subjectivity":[126],"ECM.":[128,218],"full":[133],"set":[134],"28":[136],"non-forest":[139],"classes":[140],"adhering":[141],"global":[143],"observation":[144],"cover":[147],"(GOFC)":[148],"specifications":[149],"77%":[152],"agreement":[153],"product":[157],"(n=13,046).":[158],"biophysical":[160,198],"analysis":[161],"63":[163],"plots":[165],"showed":[166],"LAI":[167,173,177],"estimated":[169],"within":[170],"/spl":[171],"plusmn/0.5":[172],"ground-based":[176],"validation":[178],"data":[179],"(biophysical":[180],"information":[181],"is":[182],"provided":[184],"ECM).":[186],"These":[187],"represent":[189],"significant":[190],"progress":[191],"towards":[192],"defining":[193],"operational":[195],"estimation":[199],"given":[201],"objective,":[203],"semi-automated":[204],"nature":[205],"scene":[209],"subjective,":[213],"user-driven":[214],"methods":[215],"such":[216],"as":[217]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
