{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2167990265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091597","title":"Early detection and characterization of Alzheimer's disease in clinical scenarios using Bioprofile concepts and K-means","display_name":"Early detection and characterization of Alzheimer's disease in clinical scenarios using Bioprofile concepts and K-means","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2167990265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091597","mag":"2167990265","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22255820"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2011.6091597","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091597","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060254662","display_name":"Javier Escudero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2105-8725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I897542642","display_name":"University of Plymouth","ror":"https://ror.org/008n7pv89","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Escudero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Signal Processing and Multimedia Communications Research Group, School of Computing and Mathematics, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK. javier.escudero@ieee.org","Signal Processing and Multimedia Communications Research Group, School of Computing and Mathematics, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Signal Processing and Multimedia Communications Research Group, School of Computing and Mathematics, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK. javier.escudero@ieee.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Signal Processing and Multimedia Communications Research Group, School of Computing and Mathematics, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041016511","display_name":"John Zajicek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-2426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85788879","display_name":"Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry","ror":"https://ror.org/04dtfyh05","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85788879"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I897542642","display_name":"University of Plymouth","ror":"https://ror.org/008n7pv89","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. P. Zajicek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Neurology Research Group, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Neurology Research Group, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85788879","https://openalex.org/I897542642"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081506921","display_name":"Emmanuel Ifeachor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8362-6292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I897542642","display_name":"University of Plymouth","ror":"https://ror.org/008n7pv89","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Ifeachor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Signal Processing and Multimedia Communications Research Group, School of Computing and Mathematics, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Signal Processing and Multimedia Communications Research Group, School of Computing and Mathematics, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9765,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93702059,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2011","issue":null,"first_page":"6470","last_page":"6473"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.7301912307739258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-impairment","display_name":"Cognitive impairment","score":0.7039755582809448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-intervention","display_name":"Psychological intervention","score":0.4383315443992615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.42948147654533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.4261212646961212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimers-disease","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","score":0.41590604186058044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38792717456817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.363442987203598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.1611444652080536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.1457093358039856}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.7301912307739258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984915365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141203","display_name":"Cognitive impairment","level":3,"score":0.7039755582809448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.4383315443992615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.42948147654533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4261212646961212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502032728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","level":3,"score":0.41590604186058044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38792717456817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.363442987203598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1611444652080536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.1457093358039856}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000483","descriptor_name":"Alleles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000483","descriptor_name":"Alleles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000483","descriptor_name":"Alleles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003072","descriptor_name":"Cognition Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003072","descriptor_name":"Cognition Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003072","descriptor_name":"Cognition Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009483","descriptor_name":"Neuropsychological Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009483","descriptor_name":"Neuropsychological Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009483","descriptor_name":"Neuropsychological Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049268","descriptor_name":"Positron-Emission Tomography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049268","descriptor_name":"Positron-Emission Tomography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049268","descriptor_name":"Positron-Emission Tomography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060825","descriptor_name":"Cognitive Dysfunction","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060825","descriptor_name":"Cognitive Dysfunction","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060825","descriptor_name":"Cognitive Dysfunction","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2011.6091597","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091597","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:22255820","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22255820","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1583631062","https://openalex.org/W1995277044","https://openalex.org/W2008301592","https://openalex.org/W2015904620","https://openalex.org/W2038003677","https://openalex.org/W2122320288","https://openalex.org/W2128454264","https://openalex.org/W2133990480","https://openalex.org/W2135964318","https://openalex.org/W2141854336","https://openalex.org/W2164102251","https://openalex.org/W2167840686","https://openalex.org/W4211156109"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2900068172","https://openalex.org/W2238030311","https://openalex.org/W1982842519","https://openalex.org/W2346230117","https://openalex.org/W2166644286","https://openalex.org/W2590898204","https://openalex.org/W2087256839","https://openalex.org/W2090248941","https://openalex.org/W3184899481","https://openalex.org/W1980499676"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Alzheimer's":[0],"Disease":[1],"(AD)":[2],"is":[3,13,96],"the":[4,41,44,58,70,75,102,114,119,125,131],"most":[5],"common":[6],"neurodegenerative":[7],"disease":[8,56],"in":[9,36,57,82,101,118],"elderly":[10],"people.":[11],"There":[12],"a":[14,55],"need":[15],"for":[16],"objective":[17],"means":[18],"to":[19,23,28,31,65,73,141],"detect":[20],"AD":[21,99,123],"early":[22,120],"allow":[24],"targeted":[25],"interventions":[26],"and":[27,79,92,107],"monitor":[29],"response":[30],"treatment.":[32],"To":[33],"help":[34,117],"clinicians":[35],"these":[37],"tasks,":[38],"we":[39],"propose":[40],"creation":[42],"of":[43,46,54,104,122,139],"Bioprofile":[45,49,115],"AD.":[47,142],"A":[48],"should":[50],"reveal":[51],"key":[52],"patterns":[53],"subject's":[59],"biodata.":[60],"We":[61],"applied":[62],"k-means":[63],"clustering":[64],"data":[66],"features":[67],"taken":[68],"from":[69],"ADNI":[71],"database":[72],"divide":[74],"subjects":[76,133],"into":[77,134],"pathologic":[78],"non-pathologic":[80],"groups":[81,135],"five":[83],"clinical":[84],"scenarios.":[85],"The":[86],"preliminary":[87],"results":[88],"confirm":[89],"previous":[90],"findings":[91],"show":[93],"that":[94],"there":[95],"an":[97],"important":[98],"pattern":[100],"biodata":[103],"controls,":[105],"AD,":[106],"Mild":[108],"Cognitive":[109],"Impairment":[110],"(MCI)":[111],"patients.":[112],"Furthermore,":[113],"could":[116],"detection":[121],"at":[124],"MCI":[126,132],"stage":[127],"since":[128],"it":[129],"divided":[130],"with":[136],"different":[137],"rates":[138],"conversion":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}