{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2161944241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091482","title":"A novel approach to automated cell counting for studying human corneal epithelial cells","display_name":"A novel approach to automated cell counting for studying human corneal epithelial cells","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2161944241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091482","mag":"2161944241","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22255706"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2011.6091482","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091482","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031024230","display_name":"Namrata Bandekar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Bandekar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1.nbandekar@uwaterloo.ca","Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, ONT, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1.nbandekar@uwaterloo.ca","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069083901","display_name":"Alex Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3157-6016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, ONT, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066149942","display_name":"David A. Clausi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6383-0875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Clausi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, ONT, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060510103","display_name":"Maud Gorbet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6731-2522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Gorbet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, ONT, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2011","issue":null,"first_page":"5997","last_page":"6000"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.7937310934066772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6481415033340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6341404914855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6334950923919678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5999990701675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5625640153884888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.48954901099205017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lens","display_name":"Lens (geology)","score":0.4715797007083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4447576403617859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.43703895807266235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.43143516778945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-counting","display_name":"Cell counting","score":0.4258075952529907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell","display_name":"Cell","score":0.29835379123687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.23087725043296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1004037857055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.09243389964103699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography","display_name":"Chromatography","score":0.07242268323898315}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.7937310934066772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6481415033340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6341404914855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6334950923919678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5999990701675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5625640153884888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.48954901099205017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4715797007083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4447576403617859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.43703895807266235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.43143516778945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2583947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5058179","display_name":"Cell counting","level":4,"score":0.4258075952529907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.29835379123687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.23087725043296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1004037857055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.09243389964103699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.07242268323898315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29537977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188941","display_name":"Cell cycle","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002452","descriptor_name":"Cell Count","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002452","descriptor_name":"Cell Count","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002452","descriptor_name":"Cell Count","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004847","descriptor_name":"Epithelial Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004847","descriptor_name":"Epithelial Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004847","descriptor_name":"Epithelial Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008853","descriptor_name":"Microscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008853","descriptor_name":"Microscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008853","descriptor_name":"Microscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019573","descriptor_name":"Epithelium, Corneal","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019573","descriptor_name":"Epithelium, Corneal","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019573","descriptor_name":"Epithelium, Corneal","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046169","descriptor_name":"Dermoscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046169","descriptor_name":"Dermoscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046169","descriptor_name":"Dermoscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058948","descriptor_name":"Cell Tracking","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058948","descriptor_name":"Cell Tracking","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058948","descriptor_name":"Cell Tracking","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2011.6091482","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091482","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:22255706","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22255706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1944123246","https://openalex.org/W1972544340","https://openalex.org/W1979393293","https://openalex.org/W2009231756","https://openalex.org/W2031361796","https://openalex.org/W2047653206","https://openalex.org/W2051725640","https://openalex.org/W2082236647","https://openalex.org/W2086999352","https://openalex.org/W2096579040","https://openalex.org/W2098976465","https://openalex.org/W6672471600"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2138983844","https://openalex.org/W1968965685","https://openalex.org/W2012792772","https://openalex.org/W2356573839","https://openalex.org/W2111883783","https://openalex.org/W2009028679","https://openalex.org/W2357424838","https://openalex.org/W2327601824","https://openalex.org/W4237142086","https://openalex.org/W2161102362"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"novel":[1],"automated":[2],"cell":[3,7],"counting":[4],"technique":[5,84],"for":[6],"sample":[8],"images":[9],"used":[10],"to":[11,42,51,87],"study":[12],"the":[13,70,82,88],"side-effects":[14],"of":[15,57,74,97],"lens":[16],"cleaning":[17],"solutions":[18],"on":[19],"human":[20],"corneal":[21],"epithelial":[22],"cells":[23,76],"is":[24,62,77],"developed.":[25],"The":[26,59],"proposed":[27,60,83],"multi-step":[28],"approach":[29],"integrates":[30],"non-maximum":[31],"suppression,":[32],"seeded":[33],"region":[34],"growing,":[35],"connected":[36],"component":[37],"analysis,":[38],"and":[39,45,55,65],"adaptive":[40],"thresholding":[41],"produce":[43],"segmentation":[44],"classification":[46],"results":[47,67],"that":[48,69],"are":[49],"robust":[50],"background":[52],"illumination":[53],"variation":[54],"clustering":[56],"cells.":[58],"algorithm":[61],"computationally":[63],"efficient,":[64],"experimental":[66],"show":[68],"average":[71],"detection":[72],"rate":[73],"nucleated":[75],"greater":[78],"than":[79,99],"90%":[80],"with":[81],"as":[85],"opposed":[86],"state-of-the-art":[89],"level":[90],"set":[91],"method":[92],"which":[93],"gives":[94],"an":[95],"accuracy":[96],"less":[98],"65%.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}