{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2106576725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091403","title":"Early detection of spontaneous blood loss using amplitude modulation of Photoplethysmogram","display_name":"Early detection of spontaneous blood loss using amplitude modulation of Photoplethysmogram","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2106576725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091403","mag":"2106576725","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22255583"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2011.6091403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091403","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023894020","display_name":"Nandakumar Selvaraj","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"N. Selvaraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA. nselvaraj@wpi.edu","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA. nselvaraj@wpi.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079054224","display_name":"Christopher G. Scully","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8244-0832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. G. Scully","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058798075","display_name":"Kirk H. Shelley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7344-0897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. H. Shelley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA","Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049465222","display_name":"David G. Silverman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1842-5739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. G. Silverman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032573836","display_name":"Ki H. Chon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-4837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. H. Chon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023894020"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15022824,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2011","issue":null,"first_page":"5499","last_page":"5502"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11700","display_name":"Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoplethysmogram","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","score":0.9290704727172852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"Heart rate","score":0.577548623085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure","display_name":"Blood pressure","score":0.49661165475845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.30815017223358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.20456576347351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.17154625058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11526447534561157}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187885","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","level":3,"score":0.9290704727172852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.577548623085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.49661165475845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.30815017223358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.20456576347351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.17154625058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11526447534561157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001810","descriptor_name":"Blood Volume","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001810","descriptor_name":"Blood Volume","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001810","descriptor_name":"Blood Volume","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001811","descriptor_name":"Blood Volume Determination","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001811","descriptor_name":"Blood Volume Determination","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001811","descriptor_name":"Blood Volume Determination","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020896","descriptor_name":"Hypovolemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020896","descriptor_name":"Hypovolemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020896","descriptor_name":"Hypovolemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020896","descriptor_name":"Hypovolemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020896","descriptor_name":"Hypovolemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020896","descriptor_name":"Hypovolemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2011.6091403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091403","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:22255583","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22255583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963613096","https://openalex.org/W1969829606","https://openalex.org/W1971239440","https://openalex.org/W1991836080","https://openalex.org/W1994134817","https://openalex.org/W2028145655","https://openalex.org/W2049494869","https://openalex.org/W2052863780","https://openalex.org/W2090762752","https://openalex.org/W2137322371","https://openalex.org/W2140147284"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3031052312","https://openalex.org/W4389568370","https://openalex.org/W3032375762","https://openalex.org/W1995515455","https://openalex.org/W2071690730","https://openalex.org/W2172058999","https://openalex.org/W2035572752","https://openalex.org/W1969539514"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,67,101,120,189],"present":[1,71,190],"study":[2],"was":[3,135,176],"designed":[4],"to":[5,132,157,195,207],"investigate":[6],"can":[7],"the":[8,28,64,99,202],"amplitude":[9,69],"modulation":[10],"(AM)":[11],"of":[12,20,59,82],"Photoplethysmogram":[13],"(PPG)":[14],"be":[15],"used":[16],"as":[17,197],"an":[18],"indicator":[19],"blood":[21,45,57,65,112,129,158,173],"loss":[22,113,130,159,174],"and":[23,37,43,76,91,116,138,143,162,181,204],"if":[24],"so":[25],"what":[26],"is":[27],"best":[29],"PPG":[30,33,83,145,164,187],"probe":[31,39,118],"site.":[32],"from":[34,51,86,114,185],"ear,":[35,141],"finger":[36,117,142,163],"forehead":[38,144],"sites,":[40],"standard":[41],"ECG,":[42],"Finapres":[44],"pressure":[46,93],"waveforms":[47],"were":[48,84,154],"continuously":[49],"recorded":[50],"8":[52],"healthy":[53],"volunteers":[54],"during":[55,98],"baseline,":[56],"withdrawal":[58],"900":[60,110,127,171],"ml":[61,108,111,128,172],"followed":[62],"by":[63],"reinfusion.":[66],"instantaneous":[68],"modulations":[70],"in":[72,124,152,160,201],"heart":[73],"rate":[74,78],"(AM(HR))":[75],"breathing":[77],"(AM(BR))":[79],"band":[80],"frequencies":[81],"extracted":[85],"high-resolution":[87],"time-frequency":[88],"spectrum.":[89],"HR":[90],"pulse":[92],"showed":[94],"no":[95],"significant":[96,150],"changes":[97],"protocol.":[100],"AM(HR)":[102,125,169],"significantly":[103],"(P<0.05)":[104],"decreased":[105],"at":[106,126],"100":[107],"through":[109],"ear":[115,161,186],"sites.":[119],"mean":[121],"percent":[122],"decrease":[123],"compared":[131],"baseline":[133,168],"value":[134],"45.2%,":[136],"42.0%,":[137],"42.3%":[139],"for":[140],"signals,":[146],"respectively.":[147],"In":[148],"addition,":[149],"increases":[151],"AM(BR)":[153],"found":[155],"due":[156],"signals.":[165,188],"Even":[166],"without":[167],"values,":[170],"detection":[175],"shown":[177],"possible":[178],"with":[179],"specificity":[180],"sensitivity":[182],"both":[183],"87.5%":[184],"technique":[191],"has":[192],"great":[193],"potential":[194],"serve":[196],"a":[198],"valuable":[199],"tool":[200],"intraoperative":[203],"trauma":[205],"settings":[206],"detect":[208],"hemorrhage.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
