{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2093681711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091378","title":"Fuzzy approach toward reducing false positives in the detection of small multiple sclerosis lesions in magnetic resonance images","display_name":"Fuzzy approach toward reducing false positives in the detection of small multiple sclerosis lesions in magnetic resonance images","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2093681711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091378","mag":"2093681711","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22255632"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2011.6091378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091378","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010963450","display_name":"Francesc Xavier Aymerich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6129-9208"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. X. Aymerich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Magnetic Resonance Unit - IDI, Vall Hebron University Hospital, E-08035 Barcelona, Spain. xavier.aymerich@idi-cat.org","Magnetic Resonance Unit - IDI, Vall Hebron University Hospital, E-08035 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Magnetic Resonance Unit - IDI, Vall Hebron University Hospital, E-08035 Barcelona, Spain. xavier.aymerich@idi-cat.org","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Magnetic Resonance Unit - IDI, Vall Hebron University Hospital, E-08035 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041776093","display_name":"Pilar Sobrevilla","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Sobrevilla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Mathematics II Department, Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain","Applied Mathematics II Department, Technical University of Catalonia, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Mathematics II Department, Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Mathematics II Department, Technical University of Catalonia, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083802173","display_name":"E. Montseny","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Montseny","raw_affiliation_strings":["ESAII Department, Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain","ESAII Department, Technical University of Catalonia, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESAII Department, Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESAII Department, Technical University of Catalonia, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063275381","display_name":"\u00c0lex Rovira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2132-6750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127641","display_name":"Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari","ror":"https://ror.org/03ba28x55","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127641"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Rovira","raw_affiliation_strings":["MR Unit-IDI, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain","MR Unit - IDI, Vall Hebron University Hospital, E-08035 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MR Unit-IDI, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MR Unit - IDI, Vall Hebron University Hospital, E-08035 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16228827,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2011","issue":null,"first_page":"5694","last_page":"5697"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10308","display_name":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research","score":0.9732999801635742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10308","display_name":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research","score":0.9732999801635742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.9710999727249146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10137","display_name":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies","score":0.944599986076355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.9080313444137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.6508225798606873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6116656064987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5784628391265869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.571785032749176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.5705640912055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positives-and-false-negatives","display_name":"False positives and false negatives","score":0.48421788215637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-sclerosis","display_name":"Multiple sclerosis","score":0.4390350878238678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-set","display_name":"Fuzzy set","score":0.4306240677833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.42615577578544617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.31898051500320435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.12118586897850037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.11950385570526123}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.9080313444137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.6508225798606873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6116656064987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5784628391265869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.571785032749176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.5705640912055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112789634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18207010","display_name":"False positives and false negatives","level":3,"score":0.48421788215637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780640218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8277","display_name":"Multiple sclerosis","level":2,"score":0.4390350878238678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42011625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055058","display_name":"Fuzzy set","level":3,"score":0.4306240677833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.42615577578544617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.31898051500320435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.12118586897850037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11950385570526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005189","descriptor_name":"False Positive Reactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005189","descriptor_name":"False Positive Reactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005189","descriptor_name":"False Positive Reactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009103","descriptor_name":"Multiple Sclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009103","descriptor_name":"Multiple Sclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009103","descriptor_name":"Multiple Sclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017143","descriptor_name":"Fuzzy Logic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017143","descriptor_name":"Fuzzy Logic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017143","descriptor_name":"Fuzzy Logic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2011.6091378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091378","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:22255632","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22255632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/14841","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2117/14841","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1558779744","https://openalex.org/W1974660984","https://openalex.org/W2045371359","https://openalex.org/W2048074616","https://openalex.org/W2068357714","https://openalex.org/W2105202736","https://openalex.org/W2133061701","https://openalex.org/W2140885259","https://openalex.org/W2165816921","https://openalex.org/W2168399612","https://openalex.org/W2170750629","https://openalex.org/W2171074980"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557094818","https://openalex.org/W2183246718","https://openalex.org/W1973412793","https://openalex.org/W2099261052","https://openalex.org/W4292605373","https://openalex.org/W2951146195","https://openalex.org/W4226316650","https://openalex.org/W3123215897","https://openalex.org/W2153600354","https://openalex.org/W4243739114"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"large":[1],"number":[2,104],"of":[3,27,59,69,88,105,111],"false":[4,47,106],"positives":[5],"that":[6],"result":[7],"when":[8],"automatic":[9],"algorithms":[10],"are":[11],"considered":[12],"for":[13],"segmenting":[14],"small":[15],"multiple":[16],"sclerosis":[17],"lesions":[18],"in":[19,50,72,92,102],"magnetic":[20],"resonance":[21],"imaging":[22],"hampers":[23],"the":[24,42,57,67,76,85,89,103,112],"posterior":[25],"evaluation":[26],"lesion":[28],"load.":[29],"To":[30],"address":[31],"this":[32],"problem":[33],"we":[34],"propose":[35],"a":[36,97,100],"fuzzy":[37,81],"system":[38,77],"which":[39,63],"can":[40],"improve":[41],"differentiation":[43],"between":[44],"true":[45,113],"and":[46,53],"positive":[48],"detections":[49,107,114],"proton":[51],"density-":[52],"T2-weighted":[54],"images.":[55],"On":[56],"basis":[58],"an":[60],"earlier":[61],"work,":[62],"was":[64],"focused":[65],"on":[66],"detection":[68],"hyperintense":[70],"regions":[71],"MR":[73],"brain":[74],"images,":[75],"here":[78],"presented":[79],"introduces":[80],"restrictions":[82],"derived":[83],"from":[84],"regional":[86],"analysis":[87],"main":[90],"features":[91],"such":[93],"regions.":[94],"Results":[95],"show":[96],"reduction":[98],"to":[99],"3.6%":[101],"while":[108],"preserving":[109],"most":[110],"obtained":[115],"using":[116],"previous":[117],"algorithm.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T07:54:00.901334","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}