{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2061737788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091367","title":"Detecting freezing-of-gait during unscripted and unconstrained activity","display_name":"Detecting freezing-of-gait during unscripted and unconstrained activity","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2061737788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091367","mag":"2061737788","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22255621"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2011.6091367","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091367","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050513060","display_name":"Bryan T. Cole","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B. T. Cole","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. bcole@bu.edu","Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering ECE, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. bcole@bu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering ECE, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103573823","display_name":"Serge H. Roy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. H. Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuro-Muscular Research Center (NMRC), Boston University, USA","Neuro-Muscular Research Center (NMRC) at Boston University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuro-Muscular Research Center (NMRC), Boston University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuro-Muscular Research Center (NMRC) at Boston University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114211892","display_name":"S. Hamid Nawab","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. H. Nawab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Biomedical Engineering (BME), and NMRC, Boston University, USA","Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Biomedical Engineering (BME), and NMRC at Boston University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Biomedical Engineering (BME), and NMRC, Boston University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Biomedical Engineering (BME), and NMRC at Boston University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050513060"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9379,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":88,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90387197,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2011","issue":null,"first_page":"5649","last_page":"52"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10114","display_name":"Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.5703535079956055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.5564125180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5116425156593323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.4841752350330353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dyskinesia","display_name":"Dyskinesia","score":0.4636228382587433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.45442676544189453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45355018973350525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4372452199459076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromyography","display_name":"Electromyography","score":0.42311811447143555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinsons-disease","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","score":0.3960348665714264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3329567611217499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.3303026556968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3236929774284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12181884050369263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.12123259902000427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.06957098841667175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.06472977995872498}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.5703535079956055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.5564125180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5116425156593323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.4841752350330353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780405171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629444","display_name":"Dyskinesia","level":4,"score":0.4636228382587433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.45442676544189453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45355018973350525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4372452199459076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.42311811447143555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779734285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11085","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","level":3,"score":0.3960348665714264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3329567611217499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3303026556968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3236929774284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12181884050369263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12123259902000427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.06957098841667175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.06472977995872498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018670","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Ambulatory","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018670","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Ambulatory","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018670","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Ambulatory","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020233","descriptor_name":"Gait Disorders, Neurologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020233","descriptor_name":"Gait Disorders, Neurologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020233","descriptor_name":"Gait Disorders, Neurologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020233","descriptor_name":"Gait Disorders, Neurologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020233","descriptor_name":"Gait Disorders, Neurologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020233","descriptor_name":"Gait Disorders, Neurologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020233","descriptor_name":"Gait Disorders, Neurologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020233","descriptor_name":"Gait Disorders, Neurologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020233","descriptor_name":"Gait Disorders, Neurologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056044","descriptor_name":"Actigraphy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056044","descriptor_name":"Actigraphy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056044","descriptor_name":"Actigraphy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2011.6091367","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091367","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:22255621","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22255621","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2054036102","https://openalex.org/W2079385422","https://openalex.org/W2092966257","https://openalex.org/W2132894148","https://openalex.org/W2136883398","https://openalex.org/W2150462427","https://openalex.org/W2171181994"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765080098","https://openalex.org/W2385749422","https://openalex.org/W2051854229","https://openalex.org/W2512971311","https://openalex.org/W4255230639","https://openalex.org/W4238165596","https://openalex.org/W2621015655","https://openalex.org/W2008860278","https://openalex.org/W2031771476","https://openalex.org/W2315473640"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"a":[2,146],"dynamic":[3],"neural":[4],"network":[5],"(DNN)":[6],"solution":[7,84],"for":[8,96],"detecting":[9,97],"instances":[10],"of":[11,37,64,70,110],"freezing-of-gait":[12],"(FoG)":[13],"in":[14],"Parkinson's":[15],"disease":[16],"(PD)":[17],"patients":[18,130],"while":[19,73],"they":[20],"perform":[21],"unconstrained":[22,132],"and":[23,43,62,67,133,142],"unscripted":[24,134],"activities.":[25],"The":[26,54],"input":[27,111],"features":[28,112],"to":[29],"the":[30,35,51,60,71,74,80,89,107,121],"DNN":[31,90,104],"are":[32,57],"derived":[33],"from":[34,88,113,128],"outputs":[36],"three":[38],"triaxial":[39],"accelerometer":[40],"(ACC)":[41],"sensors":[42,56],"one":[44,65,69],"surface":[45],"electromyographic":[46],"(EMG)":[47],"sensor":[48,76,118],"worn":[49,119],"by":[50,120],"PD":[52,129],"patient.":[53,122],"ACC":[55,117],"placed":[58,78],"on":[59,68,79,125,145],"shin":[61],"thigh":[63],"leg":[66],"forearms":[72],"EMG":[75,115],"is":[77,85],"shin.":[81],"Our":[82],"FoG":[83,137],"architecturally":[86],"distinct":[87],"solutions":[91,105],"we":[92],"have":[93],"previously":[94],"designed":[95],"dyskinesia":[98],"or":[99,116],"tremor.":[100],"However,":[101],"all":[102],"our":[103,136],"utilize":[106],"same":[108],"set":[109],"each":[114],"When":[123],"tested":[124],"experimental":[126],"data":[127],"performing":[131],"activities,":[135],"detector":[138],"exhibited":[139],"83%":[140],"sensitivity":[141],"97%":[143],"specificity":[144],"per-second":[147],"basis.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}