{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2060890512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091202","title":"Identification and attenuation of physiological noise in fMRI using kernel techniques","display_name":"Identification and attenuation of physiological noise in fMRI using kernel techniques","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2060890512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091202","mag":"2060890512","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22255425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2011.6091202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091202","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107060736","display_name":"Xiaomu Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138659443","display_name":"Widener University","ror":"https://ror.org/00nsyd297","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138659443"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaomu Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013, USA. xmsong@widener.edu","Department of Electrical Engineering, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013, USA. xmsong@widener.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138659443"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138659443"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046255358","display_name":"Nan\u2010kuei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6564-4219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan-Kuei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","Brain Imaging and Analysis Center Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brain Imaging and Analysis Center Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015059410","display_name":"Pooja Gaur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0433-975X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Gaur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","Brain Imaging and Analysis Center Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brain Imaging and Analysis Center Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13267924,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":null,"first_page":"4852","last_page":"4855"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-noise","display_name":"Communication noise","score":0.7746573090553284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.7625352740287781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.7234706878662109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6706242561340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6239299774169922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5984430313110352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.5387983918190002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.5323028564453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5262507796287537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.47533559799194336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Functional principal component analysis","score":0.4421742260456085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.43000638484954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-measurement","display_name":"Noise measurement","score":0.42868274450302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3945048153400421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.23339444398880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21050211787223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.10783880949020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.10730147361755371}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16210155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5154140","display_name":"Communication noise","level":2,"score":0.7746573090553284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779226451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903809","display_name":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.7625352740287781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.7234706878662109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6706242561340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6239299774169922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5984430313110352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.5387983918190002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.5323028564453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5262507796287537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.47533559799194336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71176878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17014987","display_name":"Functional principal component analysis","level":3,"score":0.4421742260456085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.43000638484954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.42868274450302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3945048153400421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.23339444398880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21050211787223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.10783880949020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10730147361755371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2011.6091202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091202","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:22255425","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22255425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998394119","https://openalex.org/W2030545123","https://openalex.org/W2052644075","https://openalex.org/W2066313169","https://openalex.org/W2070949043","https://openalex.org/W2091278087","https://openalex.org/W2105732805","https://openalex.org/W2121786427","https://openalex.org/W2129554183","https://openalex.org/W2133396101","https://openalex.org/W2133631302","https://openalex.org/W2134608917","https://openalex.org/W2138092999","https://openalex.org/W2140095548","https://openalex.org/W2140289474","https://openalex.org/W2151100028","https://openalex.org/W4235770099","https://openalex.org/W6676014314"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388252131","https://openalex.org/W2790620361","https://openalex.org/W2294986132","https://openalex.org/W4287867034","https://openalex.org/W3108403339","https://openalex.org/W2162712524","https://openalex.org/W2142924612","https://openalex.org/W2164990867","https://openalex.org/W2070395859","https://openalex.org/W2550249304"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Functional":[0],"magnetic":[1],"resonance":[2],"imaging":[3],"(fMRI)":[4],"techniques":[5],"enable":[6],"noninvasive":[7],"studies":[8],"of":[9,21,129],"brain":[10,22,67],"functional":[11,68],"activity":[12,23],"under":[13],"task":[14],"and":[15,31,57,83,166,177],"resting":[16],"states.":[17],"However,":[18],"the":[19,29,43,54,58,72,80,89,127,134,167,171,179],"analysis":[20,102],"could":[24],"be":[25],"significantly":[26],"affected":[27],"by":[28,161],"cardiac-":[30],"respiration-induced":[32],"physiological":[33,55,104,136,181],"noise":[34,59,82,137,155,182],"in":[35,88,183],"fMRI":[36,41,139,164,184],"data.":[37,185],"In":[38,92,141],"most":[39],"multi-slice":[40],"experiments,":[42],"temporal":[44],"sampling":[45],"rates":[46],"are":[47],"not":[48],"high":[49],"enough":[50],"to":[51,132,150],"critically":[52],"sample":[53],"noise,":[56],"is":[60],"aliased":[61,81,135,180],"into":[62],"frequency":[63,90],"bands":[64],"where":[65],"useful":[66],"signal":[69,84],"exists,":[70],"compromising":[71],"analysis.":[73],"Most":[74],"existing":[75],"approaches":[76],"cannot":[77],"distinguish":[78],"between":[79],"if":[85],"they":[86],"overlap":[87],"domain.":[91],"this":[93],"work,":[94],"we":[95],"further":[96],"developed":[97],"a":[98,120,130,143],"kernel":[99,114,131],"principal":[100,152],"component":[101],"based":[103,107,118,146],"removal":[105],"method":[106,158,173],"on":[108,119],"our":[109],"previous":[110],"work.":[111],"Specifically,":[112],"two":[113],"functions":[115],"were":[116],"evaluated":[117,160],"newly":[121],"proposed":[122,172],"criterion":[123,147],"that":[124,170],"can":[125,174],"measure":[126],"capability":[128],"separate":[133],"from":[138],"signal.":[140],"addition,":[142],"mutual":[144],"information":[145],"was":[148,159],"designed":[149],"select":[151],"components":[153],"for":[154],"removal.":[156],"The":[157],"human":[162],"experimental":[163],"studies,":[165],"results":[168],"demonstrate":[169],"effectively":[175],"identify":[176],"attenuate":[178]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}