{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2032486904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091142","title":"FPGA implementation of hardware processing modules as coprocessors in brain-machine interfaces","display_name":"FPGA implementation of hardware processing modules as coprocessors in brain-machine interfaces","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2032486904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091142","mag":"2032486904","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22255365"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2011.6091142","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091142","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100391394","display_name":"Dong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5298-4142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","[Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100854176","display_name":"Yaoyao Hao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaoyao Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering and InstrumentScience, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","[Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering and InstrumentScience, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010142741","display_name":"Xiaoping Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7236-731X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoping Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Advanced Digital Technologies & Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Institute of Advanced Digital Technologies and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Advanced Digital Technologies & Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Advanced Digital Technologies and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085083214","display_name":"Ting Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8053-412X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100383445","display_name":"Yiwen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1878-6182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiwen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008526350","display_name":"Yaowu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6037-0631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaowu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Advanced Digital Technologies & Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Institute of Advanced Digital Technologies and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Advanced Digital Technologies & Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Advanced Digital Technologies and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008714566","display_name":"Weidong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4276-1935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weidong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, and College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, and College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113670441","display_name":"Xiaoxiang Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7641-9789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxiang Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, HangZhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, HangZhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100391394"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.45818627,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60719401,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2011","issue":null,"first_page":"4613","last_page":"4616"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8116236925125122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.8048394918441772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coprocessor","display_name":"Coprocessor","score":0.8028906583786011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5060128569602966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4998469352722168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-decoding","display_name":"Neural decoding","score":0.48597726225852966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.45714688301086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.44859635829925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-portability","display_name":"Software portability","score":0.43815967440605164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3449054956436157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.3166283965110779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2507190704345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1199674904346466}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8116236925125122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.8048394918441772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86111242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859595","display_name":"Coprocessor","level":2,"score":0.8028906583786011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5060128569602966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4998469352722168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40743351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002049","display_name":"Neural decoding","level":3,"score":0.48597726225852966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.45714688301086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.44859635829925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63000827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3080428","display_name":"Software portability","level":2,"score":0.43815967440605164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3449054956436157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.3166283965110779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2507190704345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1199674904346466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008328","descriptor_name":"Man-Machine Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008328","descriptor_name":"Man-Machine Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008328","descriptor_name":"Man-Machine Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2011.6091142","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091142","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:22255365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22255365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-82717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://gateway.isiknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS&KeyUT=000298810003233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527099907","https://openalex.org/W1528505479","https://openalex.org/W1967907450","https://openalex.org/W1970091401","https://openalex.org/W1992887244","https://openalex.org/W2009815508","https://openalex.org/W2058077143","https://openalex.org/W2127252652","https://openalex.org/W2140546948","https://openalex.org/W2169554323","https://openalex.org/W2169866873","https://openalex.org/W2171077154"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3067752700","https://openalex.org/W2143386935","https://openalex.org/W2098373948","https://openalex.org/W2587713090","https://openalex.org/W1534867933","https://openalex.org/W2963141266","https://openalex.org/W2896393657","https://openalex.org/W2090610152","https://openalex.org/W2744712844","https://openalex.org/W2742276804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Real-time":[0],"computation,":[1],"portability":[2],"and":[3,51,76],"flexibility":[4],"are":[5,113],"crucial":[6],"for":[7,25,91,129],"practical":[8],"brain-machine":[9],"interface":[10],"(BMI)":[11],"applications.":[12],"In":[13],"this":[14],"work,":[15],"we":[16],"proposed":[17],"Hardware":[18],"Processing":[19],"Modules":[20],"(HPMs)":[21],"as":[22,117],"a":[23,88,125],"method":[24],"accelerating":[26],"BMI":[27],"computation.":[28,132],"Two":[29],"HPMs":[30,123],"have":[31],"been":[32],"developed.":[33],"One":[34],"is":[35,54],"the":[36,52,55,73,96,101,111,115],"field-programmable":[37],"gate":[38],"array":[39],"(FPGA)":[40],"implementation":[41,57],"of":[42,58,99],"spike":[43],"sorting":[44],"based":[45,62],"on":[46,63],"probabilistic":[47],"neural":[48,59,130],"network":[49],"(PNN),":[50],"other":[53],"FPGA":[56],"ensemble":[60],"decoding":[61],"Kalman":[64],"filter":[65],"(KF).":[66],"These":[67],"two":[68],"modules":[69],"were":[70],"configured":[71],"under":[72],"same":[74,116],"framework":[75],"tested":[77],"with":[78],"real":[79],"data":[80],"from":[81,119],"motor":[82],"cortex":[83],"recording":[84],"in":[85],"rats":[86],"performing":[87],"lever-pressing":[89],"task":[90],"water":[92],"rewards.":[93],"Due":[94],"to":[95],"parallelism":[97],"feature":[98],"FPGA,":[100],"computation":[102],"time":[103],"was":[104],"reduced":[105],"by":[106],"several":[107],"dozen":[108],"times,":[109],"while":[110],"results":[112],"almost":[114],"those":[118],"Matlab":[120],"implementations.":[121],"Such":[122],"provide":[124],"high":[126],"performance":[127],"coprocessor":[128],"signal":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-09T09:26:11.010843","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
