{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2021728999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091130","title":"Integrating the spatial profile of the N200 speller for asynchronous brain-computer interfaces","display_name":"Integrating the spatial profile of the N200 speller for asynchronous brain-computer interfaces","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2021728999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091130","mag":"2021728999","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22255353"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2011.6091130","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091130","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100456043","display_name":"Dan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7592-3200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","Department of Biomedical Engineering,   Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering,   Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100769884","display_name":"Honglai Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5169-8922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honglai Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Biomedical Engineering,   Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering,   Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052928277","display_name":"Wei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3938-8359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Biomedical Engineering,   Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering,   Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073517028","display_name":"Shangkai Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3137-6572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shangkai Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Biomedical Engineering,   Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering,   Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088719128","display_name":"Bo Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2900-6791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Biomedical Engineering,   Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering,   Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100456043"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5495,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64942576,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2011","issue":null,"first_page":"4564","last_page":"4567"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.9103058576583862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8143680095672607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.7871803045272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.49156102538108826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4496338367462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4456518292427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44292521476745605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32199838757514954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.16381531953811646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.9103058576583862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8143680095672607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.7871803045272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.49156102538108826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4496338367462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4456518292427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44292521476745605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32199838757514954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.16381531953811646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008328","descriptor_name":"Man-Machine Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008328","descriptor_name":"Man-Machine Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008328","descriptor_name":"Man-Machine Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2011.6091130","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091130","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:22255353","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22255353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963624382","https://openalex.org/W1985172364","https://openalex.org/W1988341203","https://openalex.org/W1989419812","https://openalex.org/W2055390264","https://openalex.org/W2056180919","https://openalex.org/W2064423138","https://openalex.org/W2093267429","https://openalex.org/W2098100592","https://openalex.org/W2102627064","https://openalex.org/W2131153423","https://openalex.org/W2141335492","https://openalex.org/W2148475805","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2155967411","https://openalex.org/W2168689324","https://openalex.org/W2334999951","https://openalex.org/W3120421331","https://openalex.org/W6682625445"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3202969339","https://openalex.org/W4237513258","https://openalex.org/W1994410349","https://openalex.org/W3177028067","https://openalex.org/W2889342546","https://openalex.org/W1913385466","https://openalex.org/W2015048155","https://openalex.org/W3009380723","https://openalex.org/W2015326241","https://openalex.org/W2071129935"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,111],"N200":[1,28,122],"speller":[2,50],"is":[3],"a":[4,38,53,74,103,119],"novel":[5,39],"brain-computer":[6],"interface":[7],"(BCI)":[8],"paradigm":[9],"utilizing":[10],"the":[11,23,27,44,48,58,70,79,87,91,108],"overt":[12],"attention":[13],"effects":[14],"on":[15],"motion":[16],"onset":[17],"visual":[18,49],"evoked":[19],"potentials":[20],"(mVEP).":[21],"However,":[22],"asynchronous":[24,88,121],"performance":[25,89],"of":[26,47,57,90,102],"BCI":[29,123],"has":[30],"not":[31],"been":[32],"fully":[33],"explored.":[34],"In":[35],"this":[36],"paper,":[37],"algorithm":[40,71,93,105,113],"was":[41,94],"proposed,":[42],"integrating":[43],"spatial":[45,109],"profile":[46],"to":[51,72,96],"provide":[52],"more":[54],"precise":[55],"description":[56],"mVEP":[59],"responses.":[60],"Most":[61],"importantly,":[62],"only":[63],"control":[64],"state":[65,81],"data":[66],"were":[67],"used":[68,116],"in":[69],"train":[73],"classifier":[75],"which":[76],"can":[77,114],"detect":[78],"non-control":[80],"effectively.":[82],"Using":[83],"offline":[84],"recorded":[85],"data,":[86],"proposed":[92,112],"shown":[95],"be":[97,115],"significantly":[98],"better":[99],"than":[100],"that":[101],"similar":[104],"without":[106],"using":[107],"information.":[110],"for":[117],"developing":[118],"practical,":[120],"system.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
